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Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is essential for neural networks operating in open-world settings, particularly in safety-critical applications. Existing methods have improved OOD detection by leveraging two main techniques:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Lucas Rakotoarivony

Human Activity Recognition (HAR) has seen significant advancements with the adoption of deep learning techniques, yet challenges remain in terms of data requirements, reliability and robustness. This paper explores a novel application of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Matthew Nolan , Lina Yao , Robert Davidson

Integrating renewable energy sources into the power grid is becoming increasingly important as the world moves towards a more sustainable energy future in line with SDG 7. However, the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources can…

Smart meters, devices measuring the electricity and gas consumption of a household, are currently being deployed at a fast rate throughout the world. The data they collect are extremely useful, including in the fight against climate change.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Ana-Maria Cretu , Miruna Rusu , Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye

Deep neural networks (DNNs) often exhibit overconfidence when encountering out-of-distribution (OOD) samples, posing significant challenges for deployment. Since DNNs are trained on in-distribution (ID) datasets, the information flow of ID…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Guide Yang , Chao Hou , Weilong Peng , Xiang Fang , Yongwei Nie , Peican Zhu , Keke Tang

In this paper, we focus on addressing the challenges of detecting malicious attacks in networks by designing an advanced Explainable Intrusion Detection System (xIDS). The existing machine learning and deep learning approaches have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Muhammad Adil , Mian Ahmad Jan , Safayat Bin Hakim , Houbing Herbert Song , Zhanpeng Jin

The increased awareness regarding the impact of energy consumption on the environment has led to an increased focus on reducing energy consumption. Feedback on the appliance level energy consumption can help in reducing the energy demands…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-16 Shalini Pandey , George Karypis

Spectrum sensing enables cognitive radio systems to detect unused portions of the radio spectrum and then use them while avoiding interferences to the primary users. Energy detection is one of the most used techniques for spectrum sensing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-03-15 Youness Arjoune

The prompt and accurate detection of faults and abnormalities in electric transmission lines is a critical challenge in smart grid systems. Existing methods mostly rely on model-based approaches, which may not capture all the aspects of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-16 Peyman Tehrani , Marco Levorato

Emphatic temporal difference (ETD) learning (Sutton et al., 2016) is a successful method to conduct the off-policy value function evaluation with function approximation. Although ETD has been shown to converge asymptotically to a desirable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Ziwei Guan , Tengyu Xu , Yingbin Liang

The cybersecurity of Industrial Control Systems that manage critical infrastructure such as Water Distribution Systems has become increasingly important as digital connectivity expands. BATADAL benchmark data is a good source of testing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Waqas Ahmed

The proliferation of smart and autonomous systems has motivated a shift toward executing intelligence directly on edge devices. This shift becomes particularly challenging for zero-energy devices (ZEDs), where severe constraints on memory,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Shahab Jahanbazi , Mateen Ashraf , Lieven De Strycker , Jeroen Famaey , Onel L. A. Lopez

Several density estimation methods have shown to fail to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) samples by assigning higher likelihoods to anomalous data. Energy-based models (EBMs) are flexible, unnormalized density models which seem to be able…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Sven Elflein , Bertrand Charpentier , Daniel Zügner , Stephan Günnemann

Energy storage systems (ESSs) are essential components of the future smart grids with high penetration of renewable energy sources. However, deploying individual ESSs for all energy consumers, especially in large systems, may not be…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-06-05 Katayoun Rahbar , Mohammad R. Vedady Moghadam , Sanjib Kumar Panda

One of the most promising approaches for complex technical systems analysis employs ensemble methods of classification. Ensemble methods enable to build a reliable decision rules for feature space classification in the presence of many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-01-11 Alexei Zhukov , Victor Kurbatsky , Nikita Tomin , Denis Sidorov , Daniil Panasetsky , Aoife Foley

Recently, convolutional networks have achieved remarkable development in remote sensing image Super-Resoltuion (SR) by minimizing the regression objectives, e.g., MSE loss. However, despite achieving impressive performance, these methods…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-31 Yi Xiao , Qiangqiang Yuan , Kui Jiang , Jiang He , Xianyu Jin , Liangpei Zhang

Machine learning techniques are utilized to estimate the electronic band gap energy and forecast the band gap category of materials based on experimentally quantifiable properties. The determination of band gap energy is critical for…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-03-11 Sagar Prakash Barad , Sajag Kumar , Subhankar Mishra

Merging mobile edge computing (MEC) functionality with the dense deployment of base stations (BSs) provides enormous benefits such as a real proximity, low latency access to computing resources. However, the envisioned integration creates…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-09-11 Yuxuan Sun , Sheng Zhou , Jie Xu

The traffic matrix estimation (TME) problem has been widely researched for decades of years. Recent progresses in deep generative models offer new opportunities to tackle TME problems in a more advanced way. In this paper, we leverage the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Xinyu Yuan , Yan Qiao , Pei Zhao , Rongyao Hu , Benchu Zhang

Diffusion Probabilistic Models stand as a critical tool in generative modelling, enabling the generation of complex data distributions. This family of generative models yields record-breaking performance in tasks such as image synthesis,…