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Position bias is a critical problem in information retrieval when dealing with implicit yet biased user feedback data. Unbiased ranking methods typically rely on causality models and debias the user feedback through inverse propensity…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Jiarui Jin , Yuchen Fang , Weinan Zhang , Kan Ren , Guorui Zhou , Jian Xu , Yong Yu , Jun Wang , Xiaoqiang Zhu , Kun Gai

Unbiased learning to rank has been proposed to alleviate the biases in the search ranking, making it possible to train ranking models with user interaction data. In real applications, search engines are designed to display only the most…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Haiyuan Zhao , Jun Xu , Xiao Zhang , Guohao Cai , Zhenhua Dong , Ji-Rong Wen

Modeling user's historical feedback is essential for Click-Through Rate Prediction in personalized search and recommendation. Existing methods usually only model users' positive feedback information such as click sequences which neglects…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Zhifang Fan , Dan Ou , Yulong Gu , Bairan Fu , Xiang Li , Wentian Bao , Xin-Yu Dai , Xiaoyi Zeng , Tao Zhuang , Qingwen Liu

Etsy is a global marketplace where people across the world connect to make, buy and sell unique goods. Sellers at Etsy can promote their product listings via advertising campaigns similar to traditional sponsored search ads. Click-Through…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-11-23 Kamelia Aryafar , Devin Guillory , Liangjie Hong

Traditional approaches to ranking in web search follow the paradigm of rank-by-score: a learned function gives each query-URL combination an absolute score and URLs are ranked according to this score. This paradigm ensures that if the score…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-03 Or Sheffet , Nina Mishra , Samuel Ieong

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction, whose aim is to predict the probability of whether a user will click on an item, is an essential task for many online applications. Due to the nature of data sparsity and high dimensionality of CTR…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Yichen Xu , Yanqiao Zhu , Feng Yu , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu

Most of the existing methods for debaising in click-through rate (CTR) prediction depend on an oversimplified assumption, i.e., the click probability is the product of observation probability and relevance probability. However, since there…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Wenjie Chu , Shen Li , Chao Chen , Longfei Xu , Hengbin Cui , Kaikui Liu

Unbiased learning to rank (ULTR) aims to train an unbiased ranking model from biased user click logs. Most of the current ULTR methods are based on the examination hypothesis (EH), which assumes that the click probability can be factorized…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Mouxiang Chen , Chenghao Liu , Zemin Liu , Jianling Sun

Ranking is a crucial module using in the recommender system. In particular, the ranking module using in our YoungTao recommendation scenario is to provide an ordered list of items to users, to maximize the click number throughout the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Shaowei Liu , Yangjun Liu

This paper introduces a novel approach for click-through rate (CTR) prediction within industrial recommender systems, addressing the inherent challenges of numerical imbalance and geometric asymmetry. These challenges stem from imbalanced…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Beyza Turkmen , Ramazan Tarik Turksoy , Hasan Saribas , Hakan Cevikalp

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction, a core task in recommendation systems, aims to estimate the probability of users clicking on items. Existing models predominantly follow a discriminative paradigm, which relies heavily on explicit…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Mingjia Yin , Junwei Pan , Hao Wang , Ximei Wang , Shangyu Zhang , Jie Jiang , Defu Lian , Enhong Chen

Societal biases that are contained in retrieved documents have received increased interest. Such biases, which are often prevalent in the training data and learned by the model, can cause societal harms, by misrepresenting certain groups,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Maria Heuss , Daniel Cohen , Masoud Mansoury , Maarten de Rijke , Carsten Eickhoff

In online advertising, marketing interventions such as coupons introduce significant confounding bias into Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction. Observed clicks reflect a mixture of users' intrinsic preferences and the uplift induced by…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Siyun Yang , Shixiao Yang , Jian Wang , Di Fan , Kehe Cai , Haoyan Fu , Jiaming Zhang , Wenjin Wu , Peng Jiang

Additive two-tower models are popular learning-to-rank methods for handling biased user feedback in industry settings. Recent studies, however, report a concerning phenomenon: training two-tower models on clicks collected by well-performing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Philipp Hager , Onno Zoeter , Maarten de Rijke

Search engines intentionally influence user behavior by picking and ranking the list of results. Users engage with the highest results both because of their prominent placement and because they are typically the most relevant documents.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Richard Demsyn-Jones

Eliminating examination bias accurately is pivotal to apply click-through data to train an unbiased ranking model. However, most examination-bias estimators are limited to the hypothesis of Position-Based Model (PBM), which supposes that…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Xiaoshu Chen , Xiangsheng Li , Kunliang Wei , Bin Hu , Lei Jiang , Zeqian Huang , Zhanhui Kang

Presentation bias is one of the key challenges when learning from implicit feedback in search engines, as it confounds the relevance signal with uninformative signals due to position in the ranking, saliency, and other presentation factors.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Aman Agarwal , Ivan Zaitsev , Thorsten Joachims

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction becomes indispensable in ubiquitous web recommendation applications. Nevertheless, the current methods are struggling under the cold-start scenarios where the user interactions are extremely sparse. We…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Yujie Pan , Jiangchao Yao , Bo Han , Kunyang Jia , Ya Zhang , Hongxia Yang

Conversion rate (CVR) prediction plays an important role in advertising systems. Recently, supervised deep neural network-based models have shown promising performance in CVR prediction. However, they are data hungry and require an enormous…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Wentao Ouyang , Rui Dong , Xiuwu Zhang , Chaofeng Guo , Jinmei Luo , Xiangzheng Liu , Yanlong Du

For better user experience and business effectiveness, Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction has been one of the most important tasks in E-commerce. Although extensive CTR prediction models have been proposed, learning good representation of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Xiang Li , Chao Wang , Jiwei Tan , Xiaoyi Zeng , Dan Ou , Bo Zheng