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Contrastive learning has achieved remarkable success in representation learning via self-supervision in unsupervised settings. However, effectively adapting contrastive learning to supervised learning tasks remains as a challenge in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-24 Qianben Chen , Richong Zhang , Yaowei Zheng , Yongyi Mao

The effectiveness of contrastive learning technology in natural language processing tasks is yet to be explored and analyzed. How to construct positive and negative samples correctly and reasonably is the core challenge of contrastive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Nankai Lin , Guanqiu Qin , Jigang Wang , Aimin Yang , Dong Zhou

Pseudo-labeling has proven to be a promising semi-supervised learning (SSL) paradigm. Existing pseudo-labeling methods commonly assume that the class distributions of training data are balanced. However, such an assumption is far from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Renzhen Wang , Xixi Jia , Quanziang Wang , Yichen Wu , Deyu Meng

The performance of Visio-Language Transformers drops sharply when an input modality (e.g., image) is missing, because the model is forced to make predictions using incomplete information. Existing missing-aware prompt methods help reduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jueqing Lu , Yuanyuan Qi , Xiaohao Yang , Shuaicheng Niu , Fucai Ke , Shujie Zhou , Wei Tan , Jionghao Lin , Wray Buntine , Hamid Rezatofighi , Lan Du

Supervised contrastive learning has achieved remarkable success by leveraging label information; however, determining positive samples in multi-label scenarios remains a critical challenge. In multi-label supervised contrastive learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Guangming Huang , Yunfei Long , Cunjin Luo

Modern alignment pipelines are increasingly replacing expensive human preference labels with evaluations from large language models (LLM-as-Judge). However, AI labels can be systematically biased compared to high-quality human feedback…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Xintao Xia , Zhiqiu Xia , Linjun Zhang , Zhanrui Cai

Partial-label learning is a popular weakly supervised learning setting that allows each training example to be annotated with a set of candidate labels. Previous studies on partial-label learning only focused on the classification setting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Xin Cheng , Deng-Bao Wang , Lei Feng , Min-Ling Zhang , Bo An

Prompt learning has emerged as an efficient and effective approach for transferring foundational Vision-Language Models (e.g., CLIP) to downstream tasks. However, current methods tend to overfit to seen categories, thereby limiting their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Chen Xu , Yuhan Zhu , Guozhen Zhang , Haocheng Shen , Yixuan Liao , Xiaoxin Chen , Gangshan Wu , Limin Wang

One of the most promising approaches for unsupervised learning is combining deep representation learning and deep clustering. Some recent works propose to simultaneously learn representation using deep neural networks and perform clustering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Mina Rezaei , Emilio Dorigatti , David Ruegamer , Bernd Bischl

Motivated by applications in protein function prediction, we consider a challenging supervised classification setting in which positive labels are scarce and there are no explicit negative labels. The learning algorithm must thus select…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-28 Marco Frasca , Nicolò Cesa-Bianchi

Complementary-label learning is a weakly supervised learning problem in which each training example is associated with one or multiple complementary labels indicating the classes to which it does not belong. Existing consistent approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Wei Wang , Takashi Ishida , Yu-Jie Zhang , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has achieved great success in leveraging a large amount of unlabeled data to learn a promising classifier. A popular approach is pseudo-labeling that generates pseudo labels only for those unlabeled data with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Qinyi Deng , Yong Guo , Zhibang Yang , Haolin Pan , Jian Chen

Contrastive self-supervised learning (SSL) learns an embedding space that maps similar data pairs closer and dissimilar data pairs farther apart. Despite its success, one issue has been overlooked: the fairness aspect of representations…

Unsupervised Deep Distance Metric Learning (UDML) aims to learn sample similarities in the embedding space from an unlabeled dataset. Traditional UDML methods usually use the triplet loss or pairwise loss which requires the mining of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Binh X. Nguyen , Binh D. Nguyen , Gustavo Carneiro , Erman Tjiputra , Quang D. Tran , Thanh-Toan Do

In this paper, we focus on a general yet important learning problem, pairwise similarity learning (PSL). PSL subsumes a wide range of important applications, such as open-set face recognition, speaker verification, image retrieval and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Yandong Wen , Weiyang Liu , Yao Feng , Bhiksha Raj , Rita Singh , Adrian Weller , Michael J. Black , Bernhard Schölkopf

Contrastive learning is an approach to representation learning that utilizes naturally occurring similar and dissimilar pairs of data points to find useful embeddings of data. In the context of document classification under topic modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Christopher Tosh , Akshay Krishnamurthy , Daniel Hsu

Positive-Unlabeled (PU) learning tries to learn binary classifiers from a few labeled positive examples with many unlabeled ones. Compared with ordinary semi-supervised learning, this task is much more challenging due to the absence of any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Yunrui Zhao , Qianqian Xu , Yangbangyan Jiang , Peisong Wen , Qingming Huang

Contrastive learning (CL) is a popular technique for self-supervised learning (SSL) of visual representations. It uses pairs of augmentations of unlabeled training examples to define a classification task for pretext learning of a deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Chih-Hui Ho , Nuno Vasconcelos

Complementary-label learning (CLL) is widely used in weakly supervised classification, but it faces a significant challenge in real-world datasets when confronted with class-imbalanced training samples. In such scenarios, the number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Meng Wei , Yong Zhou , Zhongnian Li , Xinzheng Xu

Unsupervised contrastive learning has gained increasing attention in the latest research and has proven to be a powerful method for learning representations from unlabeled data. However, little theoretical analysis was known for this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Zixin Wen