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Federated learning (FL) enables multiple clients to train models collaboratively without sharing local data, which has achieved promising results in different areas, including the Internet of Things (IoT). However, end IoT devices do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Jiaqi Wang , Shenglai Zeng , Zewei Long , Yaqing Wang , Houping Xiao , Fenglong Ma

Intelligent fault diagnosis (IFD) plays a crucial role in ensuring the safe operation of industrial machinery and improving production efficiency. However, traditional supervised deep learning methods require a large amount of training data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Yajiao Dai , Jun Li , Zhen Mei , Yiyang Ni , Shi Jin , Zengxiang Li , Sheng Guo , Wei Xiang

SplitFed Learning (SFL) combines federated learning and split learning to enable collaborative training across distributed edge devices; however, it faces significant challenges in heterogeneous environments with diverse computational and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Abdullah Al Asif , Sixing Yu , Juan Pablo Munoz , Arya Mazaheri , Ali Jannesari

Federated Learning (FL) is a decentralized machine learning protocol that allows a set of participating agents to collaboratively train a model without sharing their data. This makes FL particularly suitable for settings where data privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Mustafa Safa Ozdayi , Murat Kantarcioglu , Rishabh Iyer

In federated learning, the heterogeneity of client data has a great impact on the performance of model training. Many heterogeneity issues in this process are raised by non-independently and identically distributed (non-IID) data. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Xiufang Shi , Wei Zhang , Yuheng Li , Mincheng Wu , Zhenyu Wen , Shibo He , Tejal Shah , Rajiv Ranjan

Federated Semi-supervised Learning (FedSSL) has emerged as a new paradigm for allowing distributed clients to collaboratively train a machine learning model over scarce labeled data and abundant unlabeled data. However, existing works for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Jie Zhang , Xiaosong Ma , Song Guo , Wenchao Xu

Split Federated Learning (SFL) enables privacy-preserving collaborative training by partitioning models between clients and a server. However, under non-IID data distributions, SFL often suffers from biased optimization and unstable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yuhan Xie , Chen Lyu , Jingrong Huang

Federated edge learning (FEEL) has emerged as an effective approach to reduce the large communication latency in Cloud-based machine learning solutions, while preserving data privacy. Unfortunately, the learning performance of FEEL may be…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Yuchang Sun , Jiawei Shao , Yuyi Mao , Jessie Hui Wang , Jun Zhang

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as an effective technique to co-training machine learning models without actually sharing data and leaking privacy. However, most existing FL methods focus on the supervised setting and ignore the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Zewei Long , Liwei Che , Yaqing Wang , Muchao Ye , Junyu Luo , Jinze Wu , Houping Xiao , Fenglong Ma

With the prevalence of Large Learning Models (LLM), Split Federated Learning (SFL), which divides a learning model into server-side and client-side models, has emerged as an appealing technology to deal with the heavy computational burden…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Yipeng Liang , Qimei Chen , Guangxu Zhu , Muhammad Kaleem Awan , Hao Jiang

Federated learning (FL) is a promising way to use the computing power of mobile devices while maintaining the privacy of users. Current work in FL, however, makes the unrealistic assumption that the users have ground-truth labels on their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Zhengming Zhang , Yaoqing Yang , Zhewei Yao , Yujun Yan , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Michael W. Mahoney

Federated learning is a distributed learning framework that takes full advantage of private data samples kept on edge devices. In real-world federated learning systems, these data samples are often decentralized and Non-Independently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Dun Zeng , Xiangjing Hu , Shiyu Liu , Yue Yu , Qifan Wang , Zenglin Xu

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging distributed machine learning paradigm enabling collaborative model training on decentralized devices without exposing their local data. A key challenge in FL is the uneven data distribution across…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Md Sirajul Islam , Simin Javaherian , Fei Xu , Xu Yuan , Li Chen , Nian-Feng Tzeng

To enable training of large artificial intelligence (AI) models at the network edge, split federated learning (SFL) has emerged as a promising approach by distributing computation between edge devices and a server. However, while unstable…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Wei Wei , Zheng Lin , Xihui Liu , Hongyang Du , Dusit Niyato , Xianhao Chen

Recently, semi-supervised federated learning (semi-FL) has been proposed to handle the commonly seen real-world scenarios with labeled data on the server and unlabeled data on the clients. However, existing methods face several challenges…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Mingzhao Yang , Shangchao Su , Bin Li , Xiangyang Xue

There are situations where data relevant to machine learning problems are distributed across multiple locations that cannot share the data due to regulatory, competitiveness, or privacy reasons. Machine learning approaches that require data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Dimitris Stripelis , Jose Luis Ambite

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging distributed machine learning paradigm that enables collaborative training of machine learning models over decentralized devices without exposing their local data. One of the major challenges in FL is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Md Sirajul Islam , Simin Javaherian , Fei Xu , Xu Yuan , Li Chen , Nian-Feng Tzeng

Under the organization of the base station (BS), wireless federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training among multiple devices. However, the BS is merely responsible for aggregating local updates during the training process,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Jingheng Zheng , Wanli Ni , Hui Tian , Deniz Gunduz , Tony Q. S. Quek , Zhu Han

Due to the increasing privacy concerns and data regulations, training data have been increasingly fragmented, forming distributed databases of multiple "data silos" (e.g., within different organizations and countries). To develop effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Qinbin Li , Yiqun Diao , Quan Chen , Bingsheng He

Recently, federated learning (FL) has emerged as a popular technique for edge AI to mine valuable knowledge in edge computing (EC) systems. To mitigate the computing/communication burden on resource-constrained workers and protect model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yunming Liao , Yang Xu , Hongli Xu , Lun Wang , Zhiwei Yao , Chunming Qiao