Related papers: Alternative 3-3-1 models with exotic electric char…
A new flipped $SU(3)_C\otimes SU(4)_L\otimes U(1)_X$ model without exotic electric charges is proposed. All the quarks families are arranged in the same representation while leptons generations are in different representations leading to a…
We explore the recently proposed gauge symmetry \( SU(3)_C \otimes SU(3)_L \otimes SU(3)_R \otimes U(1)_X \), which naturally embeds both the Left-Right symmetric model and the 3-3-1 model as subgroups. Within this unified framework, we…
The extensions of the Standard Model based on the $SU(3)_{C} \otimes SU(3)_{L} \otimes U(1)_{X}$ gauge group are known as 331 Models. Different properties such as the fermion assignment and the electric charges of the exotic spectrum, that…
The work is a brief review of the theory based on the $SU(3)_c \otimes SU(3)_L \otimes U(1)_X$ gauge group in the presence of Heavy Leptons. Recent analysis have established a set of four possible variants for the 3-3-1HL, whose content…
We investigate a family-nonuniversal Abelian extension of hypercharge, which significantly alters the phenomenological features of the standard model. Anomaly cancellation requires that the third quark family transforms differently from the…
One of the most important and unanswered problems in particle physics is the origin of the three generations of quarks and leptons. The standard Model does not provide any hint regarding its sequential charge assignments, which remain a…
It is possible, and for several reasons attractive, to explain a collection of recent anomalies involving $b\rightarrow s\mu\mu$ processes with a $Z^{\prime}$ gauge boson coupled only to the third family in the weak eigenbasis. From this…
In light of the recent $R_{K^{(*)}}$ data on neutral current flavour anomalies in $B \to K^{(*)} \ell^+ \ell^-$ decays, we re-examine their quantitative interpretation in terms of an extended 331 gauge theory framework. We achieve this by…
In the so-called 331-models the gauge anomalies cancel only if there are three generations of fermions. This requires one of the quark generations to be in a different representation than the other two. But which generation is treated…
The flavour-changing neutral currents (FCNC) are derived at tree level if the electroweak gauge group depends on the fermion family, which are absent in the standard model. We study the lepton flavour violation (LFV) through the FCNC…
We present a new model based on the SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1) symmetry, in which there is a new consistent set of chiral fermion fields that renders the model free from anomalies. The new fermions do not share the usual family structure of the…
We present new techniques for finding anomaly-free sets of fermions. Although the anomaly cancellation conditions typically include cubic equations with integer variables that cannot be solved in general, we prove by construction that any…
We argue that simpler fermionic contents, responsible for the extension of the standard model with gauged lepton and baryon charges, can be constructed by assuming existence of so-called leptoquarks (j,k) with exotic electric charges…
In 3-3-1 models anomaly cancellation requires that one of the three families of quarks transforms as triplet by $\text{SU}(3)_\text{L}$ with the other two transforming necessarily as anti-triplet. This is an important feature of the model…
We explore the possibility that lepton family numbers and baryon number are such good symmetries of Nature because they are the global remnant of a spontaneously broken gauge symmetry. An almost arbitrary linear combination of these…
Lepton Flavor Universality Violation (LFUV) in $b\rightarrow s l^+ l^-$ processes is investigated in the context of a 331 model. It is shown that in order to explain the experimentally observed deviations from the Standard Model in these…
It now appears phenomenologically that the third family of fundamental fermions may be essentially different fron the first two. Particularly the high value (174GeV?) of the top quark mass suggests a special role. In the standard model all…
Together with any Beyond the Standard Model ultraviolet complete, renormalizable model, one or several exotic particles are usually hypothesized. $C\!P$-even neutral and doubly-charged scalars are common, well known examples which can…
A simple extension of the Standard Model (SM), based on the gauge group $SU(3)_C\otimes SU(3)_L\otimes U(1)_Y$ with $Y$ being the hypercharge, is considered. We show that, by imposing an approximate global $SU(2)_L\times SU(2)_R$ custodial…
New regularities found in the pseudoscalar meson octet are reported. They invite to reconsider models where elementary fermions and composite QCD open strings can be grouped in common supermultiplets. It is proven that, with fermions having…