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We study the classical binary classification problem for hypothesis spaces of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) under Tsybakov's low-noise condition with exponent $q>0$, as well as its limit case $q=\infty$, which we refer to as the \emph{hard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Nathanael Tepakbong , Xiang Zhou , Ding-Xuan Zhou

In recent years, there has been growing interest in the field of functional neural networks. They have been proposed and studied with the aim of approximating continuous functionals defined on sets of functions on Euclidean domains. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Zhenyu Yang , Shuo Huang , Han Feng , Ding-Xuan Zhou

We study the problem of approximating and estimating classification functions that have their decision boundary in the $RBV^2$ space. Functions of $RBV^2$ type arise naturally as solutions of regularized neural network learning problems and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Andres Felipe Lerma-Pineda , Philipp Petersen , Simon Frieder , Thomas Lukasiewicz

We study the problem of estimating an unknown function from noisy data using shallow ReLU neural networks. The estimators we study minimize the sum of squared data-fitting errors plus a regularization term proportional to the squared…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-24 Rahul Parhi , Robert D. Nowak

Recent experiments in neuroscience reveal that task-relevant variables are often encoded in approximately orthogonal subspaces of neural population activity. These disentangled, or abstract, representations have been observed in multiple…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-16 Bin Wang , W. Jeffrey Johnston , Stefano Fusi

In 2017, Hanin and Sellke showed that the class of arbitrarily deep, real-valued, feed-forward and ReLU-activated networks of width w forms a dense subset of the space of continuous functions on R^n, with respect to the topology of uniform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Joris Dommel , Sven A. Wegner

We study the computation complexity of deep ReLU (Rectified Linear Unit) neural networks for the approximation of functions from the H\"older-Zygmund space of mixed smoothness defined on the $d$-dimensional unit cube when the dimension $d$…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-07-26 Dinh Dũng , Van Kien Nguyen

Neural networks with randomly generated hidden weights (RaNNs) have been extensively studied, both as a standalone learning method and as an initialization for fully trainable deep learning methods. In this work, we study RaNN expressivity…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Muhammed Ali Mehmood , Lukas Gonon

We study the theory of neural network (NN) from the lens of classical nonparametric regression problems with a focus on NN's ability to adaptively estimate functions with heterogeneous smoothness -- a property of functions in Besov or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Kaiqi Zhang , Yu-Xiang Wang

In this paper we are concerned with the approximation of functions by single hidden layer neural networks with ReLU activation functions on the unit circle. In particular, we are interested in the case when the number of data-points exceeds…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-04-02 Benny Avelin , Vesa Julin

Motivated by the resurgence of neural networks in being able to solve complex learning tasks we undertake a study of high depth networks using ReLU gates which implement the function $x \mapsto \max\{0,x\}$. We try to understand the role of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-11-10 Anirbit Mukherjee , Amitabh Basu

A new network with super approximation power is introduced. This network is built with Floor ($\lfloor x\rfloor$) or ReLU ($\max\{0,x\}$) activation function in each neuron and hence we call such networks Floor-ReLU networks. For any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang

Multi-layer feedforward networks have been used to approximate a wide range of nonlinear functions. An important and fundamental problem is to understand the learnability of a network model through its statistical risk, or the expected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Gen Li , Jie Ding

We propose semi-random features for nonlinear function approximation. The flexibility of semi-random feature lies between the fully adjustable units in deep learning and the random features used in kernel methods. For one hidden layer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-22 Kenji Kawaguchi , Bo Xie , Vikas Verma , Le Song

Quantile regression is the task of estimating a specified percentile response, such as the median, from a collection of known covariates. We study quantile regression with rectified linear unit (ReLU) neural networks as the chosen model…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-12-21 Oscar Hernan Madrid Padilla , Wesley Tansey , Yanzhen Chen

Let $\Omega = [0,1]^d$ be the unit cube in $\mathbb{R}^d$. We study the problem of how efficiently, in terms of the number of parameters, deep neural networks with the ReLU activation function can approximate functions in the Sobolev spaces…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-09 Jonathan W. Siegel

Graphical models are powerful tools for modeling high-dimensional data, but learning graphical models in the presence of latent variables is well-known to be difficult. In this work we give new results for learning Restricted Boltzmann…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Surbhi Goel , Adam Klivans , Frederic Koehler

We consider training over-parameterized two-layer neural networks with Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) using gradient descent (GD) method. Inspired by a recent line of work, we study the evolutions of network prediction errors across GD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Lili Su , Pengkun Yang

Neural network weights are typically viewed as the end product of training, while most deep learning research focuses on data, features, and architectures. However, recent advances show that the set of all possible weight values (weight…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Xiaolong Han , Zehong Wang , Bo Zhao , Binchi Zhang , Jundong Li , Damian Borth , Rose Yu , Haggai Maron , Yanfang Ye , Lu Yin , Ferrante Neri

Neural networks often operate in the overparameterized regime, in which there are far more parameters than training samples, allowing the training data to be fit perfectly. That is, training the network effectively learns an interpolating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Suzanna Parkinson , Greg Ongie , Rebecca Willett