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Integration of Inverter Based Resources (IBRs) which lack the intrinsic characteristics such as the inertial response of the traditional synchronous-generator (SG) based sources presents a new challenge in the form of analyzing the grid…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-31 Satish Vedula , Ayobami Olajube , Olugbenga Anubi

This paper proposes decentralized stability conditions for multi-converter systems based on the combination of the small gain theorem and the small phase theorem. Instead of directly computing the closed-loop dynamics, e.g., eigenvalues of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-11 Linbin Huang , Dan Wang , Xiongfei Wang , Huanhai Xin , Ping Ju , Karl H. Johansson , Florian Dörfler

This paper presents a novel grid-forming voltage control strategy for a battery energy storage system to maintain balanced three-phase output voltages when serving unbalanced loads. A stationary reference frame ($\alpha \beta$) based…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-23 Bei Xu , Victor Paduani , Hui Yu , David Lubkeman , Ning Lu

The paper discusses fast frequency control in bulk power systems using embedded networks of grid-forming energy storage resources. Differing from their traditional roles of regulating reserves, the storage resources in this work operate as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-22 Kaustav Chatterjee , Ramij Raja Hossain , Sai Pushpak Nandanoori , Soumya Kundu , Diane Baldwin , Ronald Melton

Integration of renewable resources is profoundly reshaping the dynamics of modern power systems. This study shows that the voltage dynamics of power systems with multiple grid-forming (GFM) converters often enjoys a desirable property…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-21 Zhenyao Li , Shengwen Liao , Qian Zhang , Xuechun Zhang , Deqiang Gan

The increasing share of converter based resources in power systems calls for scalable methods to analyse stability without relying on exhaustive system wide simulations. Decentralized small gain and small-phase criteria have recently been…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-15 Diego Cifelli , Adolfo Anta

A case study on modeling adequacy of a grid in presence of renewable resources based on grid-forming converters (GFCs) is the subject matter of this paper. For this purpose, a 4-machine 11-bus IEEE benchmark model is modified by considering…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-16 Lilan Karunaratne , Nilanjan Ray Chaudhuri , Amirthagunaraj Yogarathnam , Meng Yue

This paper develops a hybrid system modeling framework for inverters that switch between grid-following and grid-forming control schemes. In particular, such inverters are modeled as hybrid automata with guard conditions on voltage and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-19 Bukunmi G. Odunlami , Marcos Netto

In the course of the energy transition, the expansion of generation and consumption will change, and many of these technologies, such as PV systems, electric cars and heat pumps, will influence the power flow, especially in the distribution…

This study focusses on self-balancing microgrids to smartly utilize and prevent overdrawing of available power capacity of the grid. A distributed framework for automated distribution of optimal power demand is proposed, where all building…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-01-20 Meenakshi Chatterjee

This paper proposes a robust transient stability constrained optimal power flow problem that addresses renewable uncertainties by the coordination of generation re-dispatch and power flow router (PFR) tuning.PFR refers to a general type of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-02 Tianlun Chen , Albert Y. S. Lam , Yue Song , David J. Hill

This paper addresses the following fundamental research question: how does the integration of grid-forming inverters (GFMs) replacing conventional synchronous generators (SGs) impact the slow coherent eigen-structure and the low-frequency…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-27 Sayak Mukherjee , Ramij Raja Hossain , Kaustav Chatterjee , Soumya Kundu , Kyung-Bin Kwon , Sameer Nekkalapu , Marcelo Elizondo

Power electronic converters are becoming the main components of modern power systems due to the increasing integration of renewable energy sources. However, power converters may become unstable when interacting with the complex and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-09 Feiran Zhao , Ruohan Leng , Linbin Huang , Huanhai Xin , Keyou You , Florian Dörfler

A common assumption in both grid-following (GFL) and grid-forming (GFM) control systems is that they are open-loop (OL) stable in the vicinity of high-frequency resonances. Hence classical loop-shaping approaches are often used for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-05 Meng Chen , Yufei Xi , Frede Blaabjerg , Lin Cheng , Ioannis Lestas

Besides the center of inertia (COI) frequency dynamics addressed in Part I, the spatial frequency variation in power systems with grid-following (GFL) converters is also crucial. Part II revisits the effect of GFLs on frequency spatial…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Jiahao Liu , Cheng Wang , Tianshu Bi

This paper investigates voltage stability in inverter-based power systems concerning fold and saddle-node bifurcations. An analytical expression is derived for the sensitivity of the stability margin using the normal vector to the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-10 Sushobhan Chatterjee , Sijia Geng

Due to the fluctuating nature of the wind and the increasing use of wind energy as a power source, wind power will have an increasing negative influence on the stability of the power grid. In this paper, a model predictive control strategy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-14 Valentijn van de Scheur , Sjoerd Boersma

Smart grid technology has been recognized as a promising solution for the next-generation energy efficient electric power systems to mitigate energy crisis. Smart grid provides highly consistent and reliable services, efficient energy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-23 Saurav Biswas

The rapid growth of hyperscale data centers driven by Large Language Models and Artificial Intelligence workloads has introduced new challenges for power systems. These facilities experience abrupt power variations during model training and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-03 Yousef Abudyak , Mohsen Alizadeh , Wei Sun

When grid-forming (GFM) inverter-based resources (IBRs) face severe grid disturbances (e.g., short-circuit faults), the current limitation mechanism may be triggered. Consequently, the GFM IBRs enter the current-saturation mode, inducing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-02 Ali Arjomandi-Nezhad , Yifei Guo , Bikash C. Pal , Guangya Yang