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Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) is the study of multi-agent interactions in a shared environment. Communication for cooperation is a fundamental construct for sharing information in partially observable environments. Cooperative Multi-Agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Nancirose Piazza , Vahid Behzadan

This paper presents a novel approach to Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) that combines cooperative task decomposition with the learning of reward machines (RMs) encoding the structure of the sub-tasks. The proposed method helps…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Leo Ardon , Daniel Furelos-Blanco , Alessandra Russo

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) benchmarks commonly emphasize aggregate outcomes such as return, success rate, or completion time. While essential, these metrics often fail to reveal how agents coordinate, particularly…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Maria Ana Cardei , Matthew Landers , Afsaneh Doryab

A large amount of work has been done in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) for modeling and solving problems with multiple interacting agents. However, most LLMs are pretrained independently and not specifically optimized for coordination. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Shuo Liu , Tianle Chen , Zeyu Liang , Xueguang Lyu , Christopher Amato

When solving a complex task, humans will spontaneously form teams and to complete different parts of the whole task, respectively. Meanwhile, the cooperation between teammates will improve efficiency. However, for current cooperative MARL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Wenhao Li , Xiangfeng Wang , Bo Jin , Junjie Sheng , Yun Hua , Hongyuan Zha

Discovering successful coordinated behaviors is a central challenge in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) since it requires exploring a joint action space that grows exponentially with the number of agents. In this paper, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Ammar Fayad , Majd Ibrahim

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has been an increasingly important research topic in the last half-decade because of its great potential for real-world applications. Because of the curse of dimensionality, the popular…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Weizhe Chen , Sven Koenig , Bistra Dilkina

Training a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithm is more challenging than training a single-agent reinforcement learning algorithm, because the result of a multi-agent task strongly depends on the complex interactions among…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Heechang Ryu , Hayong Shin , Jinkyoo Park

We consider the problem of robust multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for cooperative communication and coordination tasks. MARL agents, mainly those trained in a centralized way, can be brittle because they can adopt policies that…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-12-16 T. van der Heiden , C. Salge , E. Gavves , H. van Hoof

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) struggles with sample efficiency, interpretability, and generalization. While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer powerful planning capabilities, their application has been hampered by a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Zhiyuan Li , Wenshuai Zhao , Joni Pajarinen

Multi-agent systems (MAS) have shown great potential in executing complex tasks, but coordination and safety remain significant challenges. Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) offers a promising framework for agent collaboration, but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Ziqi Jia , Junjie Li , Xiaoyang Qu , Jianzong Wang

In order for artificial agents to coordinate effectively with people, they must act consistently with existing conventions (e.g. how to navigate in traffic, which language to speak, or how to coordinate with teammates). A group's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Adam Lerer , Alexander Peysakhovich

Collaboration is crucial for reaching collective goals. However, its effectiveness is often undermined by the strategic behavior of individual agents -- a fact that is captured by a high Price of Stability (PoS) in recent literature [Blum…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Nika Haghtalab , Mingda Qiao , Kunhe Yang

Consensus formation is pivotal in multi-agent systems (MAS), balancing collective coherence with individual diversity. Conventional LLM-based MAS primarily rely on explicit coordination, e.g., prompts or voting, risking premature…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zengqing Wu , Takayuki Ito

Training a team of agents from scratch in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is highly inefficient, much like asking beginners to play a symphony together without first practicing solo. Existing methods, such as offline or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Xun Wang , Zhuoran Li , Yanshan Lin , Hai Zhong , Longbo Huang

Multi-Agent Systems (MASs) have been used to solve complex problems that demand intelligent agents working together to reach the desired goals. These Agents should effectively synchronize their individual behaviors so that they can act as a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-12-05 Marco A. C. Simões , Robson Marinho da Silva , Tatiane Nogueira

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is widely used to address large joint observation and action spaces by decomposing a centralized control problem into multiple interacting agents. However, such decomposition often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zijian Zhao , Jing Gao , Sen Li

In multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), the Centralized Training with Decentralized Execution (CTDE) framework is pivotal but struggles due to a gap: global state guidance in training versus reliance on local observations in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Pu Feng , Junkang Liang , Size Wang , Xin Yu , Xin Ji , Yiting Chen , Kui Zhang , Rongye Shi , Wenjun Wu

Persistent monitoring of dynamic targets is essential in real-world applications such as disaster response, environmental sensing, and wildlife conservation, where mobile agents must continuously gather information under uncertainty. We…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Xingjian Zhang , Yizhuo Wang , Guillaume Sartoretti

The field of cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has seen widespread use in addressing complex coordination tasks. While value decomposition methods in MARL have been popular, they have limitations in solving tasks with…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Shanqi Liu , Weiwei Liu , Wenzhou Chen , Guanzhong Tian , Yong Liu