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The fluctuating two-ray (FTR) fading model provides a much better fit than other fading models for small-scale fading measurements in millimeter wave communications. In this paper, using a mixture of gamma distributions, new exact…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-10-26 Jiayi Zhang , Wen Zeng , Xu Li , Qiang Sun , Kostas P. Peppas

We introduce and characterize the independent fluctuating two-ray (IFTR) fading model, a class of fading models consisting of two specular components which fluctuate independently, plus a diffuse component modeled as a complex Gaussian…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Maryam Olyaee , José A. Cortés , F. Javier Lopez-Martinez , José F. Paris , Juan M. Romero-Jerez

We introduce the Fluctuating Two-Ray (FTR) fading model, a new statistical channel model that consists of two fluctuating specular components with random phases plus a diffuse component. The FTR model arises as the natural generalization of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Juan M. Romero-Jerez , F. Javier Lopez-Martinez , José F. Paris , Andrea J. Goldsmith

The recently introduced independent fluctuating two-ray (IFTR) fading model, consisting of two specular components fluctuating independently plus a diffuse component, has proven to provide an excellent fit to different wireless…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Maryam Olyaee , Hadi Hashemi , Juan M. Romero-Jerez

The recently proposed Fluctuating Two-Ray (FTR) model is gaining momentum as a reference fading model in scenarios where two dominant specular waves are present. Despite the numerous research works devoted to the performance analysis under…

The recent advancements in autonomous and remote operation of maritime vessels necessitates the development of robust and reliable communication systems to support high-bandwidth applications such as real-time monitoring, navigation, and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 Antoine Thibault Vié , Roberto Galeazzi , Dimitrios Papagergiou

Ensuring the physical layer security (PHY-security) of millimeter wave (mmWave) communications is one of the key factors for the success of 5G. Recent field measurements show that conventional fading models cannot accurately model the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-06-01 Wen Zeng , Jiayi Zhang , Shuaifei Chen , Kostas P. Peppas , Bo Ai

We introduce a new class of fading channels, built as the superposition of two fluctuating specular components with random phases, plus a clustering of scattered waves: the Multi-cluster Fluctuating Two-Ray (MFTR) fading channel. The MFTR…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-28 José David Vega Sánchez , F. Javier López-Martínez , José F. Paris , Juan M. Romero-Jerez

The wireless channel of 5G communications will have unique characteristics that can not be fully apprehended by the traditional fading models. For instance, the wireless channel may often be dominated by a finite number of specular…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-15 Young Jin Chun

We present a composite wireless fading model encompassing multipath fading and shadowing based on fluctuating two-ray (FTR) fading and inverse gamma (IG) shadowing. We first determine an alternative framework for the statistical…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Maryam Olyaee , Juan M. Romero-Jerez , F. Javier López-Martínez , Andrea J. Goldsmith

Fading is the time-dependent variation in transmitted signal strength through a complex medium, due to interference or temporally evolving multipath scattering. In this paper we use random matrix theory (RMT) to establish a first-principles…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2012-01-30 Jen-Hao Yeh , Thomas M. Antonsen , Edward Ott , Steven M. Anlage

We introduce the fdRLoS fading model as a natural generalization of the double-Rayleigh with line-of-sight fading model, on which the constant-amplitude line-of-sight component is now allowed to randomly fluctuate. We discuss the key…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Jesus Lopez-Fernandez , Pablo Ramirez Espinosa , Juan M. Romero-Jerez , F. Javier Lopez-Martinez

Mitigating channel fading and transceiver impairments are desirable for high-speed terahertz (THz) wireless links. This paper analyzes the performance of a multi-antenna THz wireless system by considering the combined effect of pointing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Atharva Anand Joshi , Pranay Bhardwaj , S. M. Zafaruddin

We consider transmission over a wireless multiple antenna communication system operating in a Rayleigh flat fading environment with no channel state information at the receiver and the transmitter with coherence time T=1. We show that,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-01-15 Jochen Sommerfeld , Igor Bjelakovic , Holger Boche

We introduce a comprehensive statistical characterization of the multipath wireless channel built as a superposition of a number of scattered waves with random phases. We consider an arbitrary number $N$ of specular (dominant) components…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Juan M. Romero-Jerez , F. Javier Lopez-Martinez , Juan P. Peña-Martin , Ali Abdi

Stochastic geometry (SG) has been widely accepted as a fundamental tool for modeling and analyzing cellular networks. However, the fading models used with SG analysis are mainly confined to the simplistic Rayleigh fading, which is extended…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Ahmad AlAmmouri , Hesham ElSawy , Ahmed Sultan-Salem , Marco Di Renzo , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

A realistic performance assessment of any wireless technology requires the use of a channel model that reflects its main characteristics. The independent and identically distributed Rayleigh fading channel model has been (and still is) the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Emil Björnson , Luca Sanguinetti

Securing information in future mobile networks is challenging, especially for devices with limited computational resources. Physical layer security (PLS) offers a viable solution by leveraging wireless channel randomness. When full secrecy…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-16 Henry Carvajal Mora , Nathaly Orozco , Fernando Almeida García , José Vega-Sánchez , Felipe Grijalva , Edgar Benitez Olivo

We present two alternative formulations for the distribution of the fluctuating two-ray (FTR) fading model, which simplify its statistical characterization and subsequent use for performance evaluation. New expressions for the probability…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Maryam Olyaee , Juan M. Romero-Jerez , F. Javier Lopez-Martinez , Andrea J. Goldsmith

The "near-field" propagation modeling of wireless channels is necessary to support sixth-generation (6G) technologies, such as intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), that are enabled by large aperture antennas and higher frequency carriers.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Navneet Agrawal , Ehsan Tohidi , Renato L. G. Cavalcante , Sławomir Stańczak
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