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Data protection legislation like the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) establishes the \textit{right to be forgotten}: a user (client) can request contributions made using their data to be removed from learned…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Shuyi Wang , Bing Liu , Guido Zuccon

Machine unlearning aims to revoke some training data after learning in response to requests from users, model developers, and administrators. Most previous methods are based on direct fine-tuning, which may neither remove data completely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yufang Liu , Changzhi Sun , Yuanbin Wu , Aimin Zhou

To protect users' right to be forgotten in federated learning, federated unlearning aims at eliminating the impact of leaving users' data on the global learned model. The current research in federated unlearning mainly concentrated on…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Ningning Ding , Zhenyu Sun , Ermin Wei , Randall Berry

Machine unlearning has emerged as a key component in ensuring ``Right to be Forgotten'', enabling the removal of specific data points from trained models. However, even when the unlearning is performed without poisoning the forget-set…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Marco Arazzi , Antonino Nocera , Vinod P

Users are more aware than ever of the importance of their own data, thanks to reports about security breaches and leaks of private, often sensitive data in recent years. Additionally, the GDPR has been in effect in the European Union for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Tobias Dam , Maximilian Henzl , Lukas Daniel Klausner

With the growing adoption of data privacy regulations, the ability to erase private or copyrighted information from trained models has become a crucial requirement. Traditional unlearning methods often assume access to the complete training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Umit Yigit Basaran , Sk Miraj Ahmed , Amit Roy-Chowdhury , Basak Guler

The recent rapid growth of visual generative models trained on vast web-scale datasets has created significant tension with data privacy regulations and copyright laws, such as GDPR's ``Right to be Forgotten.'' This necessitates machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Naveen George , Naoki Murata , Yuhta Takida , Konda Reddy Mopuri , Yuki Mitsufuji

The right to be forgotten mandates that machine learning models enable the erasure of a data owner's data and information from a trained model. Removing data from the dataset alone is inadequate, as machine learning models can memorize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Xiaoyu Xia , Ziqi Wang , Ruoxi Sun , Bowen Liu , Ibrahim Khalil , Minhui Xue

As AI models are trained on ever-expanding datasets, the ability to remove the influence of specific data from trained models has become essential for privacy protection and regulatory compliance. Unlearning addresses this challenge by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shizhou Xu , Yuan Ni , Stefan Broecker , Thomas Strohmer

Machine Unlearning has recently garnered significant attention, aiming to selectively remove knowledge associated with specific data while preserving the model's performance on the remaining data. A fundamental challenge in this process is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Gaurav Patel , Qiang Qiu

Machine unlearning aims to remove the influence of problematic training data after a model has been trained. The primary challenge in machine unlearning is ensuring that the process effectively removes specified data without compromising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Aviv Shamsian , Eitan Shaar , Aviv Navon , Gal Chechik , Ethan Fetaya

Machine unlearning is the process through which a deployed machine learning model is made to forget about some of its training data points. While naively retraining the model from scratch is an option, it is almost always associated with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Anvith Thudi , Gabriel Deza , Varun Chandrasekaran , Nicolas Papernot

The right to be forgotten has been legislated in many countries but the enforcement in machine learning would cause unbearable costs: companies may need to delete whole models learned from massive resources due to single individual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Shaopeng Fu , Fengxiang He , Yue Xu , Dacheng Tao

Machine Unlearning (MU) has recently gained considerable attention due to its potential to achieve Safe AI by removing the influence of specific data from trained Machine Learning (ML) models. This process, known as knowledge removal,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Ziyao Liu , Huanyi Ye , Chen Chen , Yongsen Zheng , Kwok-Yan Lam

Machine unlearning techniques aim to mitigate unintended memorization in large language models (LLMs). However, existing approaches predominantly focus on the explicit removal of isolated facts, often overlooking latent inferential…

To comply with AI and data regulations, the need to forget private or copyrighted information from trained machine learning models is increasingly important. The key challenge in unlearning is forgetting the necessary data in a timely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jack Foster , Kyle Fogarty , Stefan Schoepf , Zack Dugue , Cengiz Öztireli , Alexandra Brintrup

Machine unlearning has garnered significant attention due to its ability to selectively erase knowledge obtained from specific training data samples in an already trained machine learning model. This capability enables data holders to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Vinay Chakravarthi Gogineni , Esmaeil S. Nadimi

Recent legislation of the "right to be forgotten" has led to the interest in machine unlearning, where the learned models are endowed with the function to forget information about specific training instances as if they have never existed in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Lingzhi Wang , Tong Chen , Wei Yuan , Xingshan Zeng , Kam-Fai Wong , Hongzhi Yin

Machine Unlearning removes specific knowledge about training data samples from an already trained model. It has significant practical benefits, such as purging private, inaccurate, or outdated information from trained models without the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Jiali Cheng , Hadi Amiri

Federated learning (FL) has recently emerged as a compelling machine learning paradigm, prioritizing the protection of privacy for training data. The increasing demand to address issues such as ``the right to be forgotten'' and combat data…