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Jailbreak attacks -- adversarial prompts that bypass LLM alignment through purely linguistic manipulation -- pose a growing operational security threat, yet the field lacks large-scale, reproducible infrastructure for generating,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ismail Hossain , Tanzim Ahad , Md Jahangir Alam , Sai Puppala , Syed Bahauddin Alam , Sajedul Talukder

Adversarial training (AT) is an effective defense for large language models (LLMs) against jailbreak attacks, but performing AT on LLMs is costly. To improve the efficiency of AT for LLMs, recent studies propose continuous AT (CAT) that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Shaopeng Fu , Di Wang

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed across diverse domains, ensuring their safety has become a critical concern. In response, studies on jailbreak attacks have been actively growing. Existing approaches typically rely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yelim Ahn , Jaejin Lee

Jailbreak attacks represent one of the most sophisticated threats to the security of large language models (LLMs). To deal with such risks, we introduce an innovative framework that can help evaluate the effectiveness of jailbreak attacks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Dong Shu , Chong Zhang , Mingyu Jin , Zihao Zhou , Lingyao Li , Yongfeng Zhang

The rapid progress in open-source large language models (LLMs) is significantly advancing AI development. Extensive efforts have been made before model release to align their behavior with human values, with the primary goal of ensuring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Yangsibo Huang , Samyak Gupta , Mengzhou Xia , Kai Li , Danqi Chen

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated increasing power, they have also given rise to a wide range of harmful behaviors. As representatives, jailbreak attacks can provoke harmful or unethical responses from LLMs, even after…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Nan Xu , Fei Wang , Ben Zhou , Bang Zheng Li , Chaowei Xiao , Muhao Chen

Pluralism alignment with AI has the sophisticated and necessary goal of creating AI that can coexist with and serve morally multifaceted humanity. Research towards pluralism alignment has many efforts in enhancing the learning of large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ying Su , Mingen Zheng , Weili Diao , Haoran Li

Despite the implementation of safety alignment strategies, large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, which undermine these safety guardrails and pose significant security threats. Some defenses have been proposed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Shenyi Zhang , Yuchen Zhai , Keyan Guo , Hongxin Hu , Shengnan Guo , Zheng Fang , Lingchen Zhao , Chao Shen , Cong Wang , Qian Wang

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention for their exceptional natural language processing capabilities. However, concerns about their trustworthiness remain unresolved, particularly in addressing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Yue Huang , Jingyu Tang , Dongping Chen , Bingda Tang , Yao Wan , Lichao Sun , Philip S. Yu , Xiangliang Zhang

Vision-language pretraining (VLP) with transformers has demonstrated exceptional performance across numerous multimodal tasks. However, the adversarial robustness of these models has not been thoroughly investigated. Existing multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Jiwei Guan , Tianyu Ding , Longbing Cao , Lei Pan , Chen Wang , Xi Zheng

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly used for content moderation, yet their robustness in short-form video contexts remains underexplored. Current safety evaluations often rely on unimodal attacks, failing to address…

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved tremendous success in various applications, they are also susceptible to jailbreaking attacks. Several primary defense strategies have been proposed to protect LLMs from producing harmful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Yichuan Mo , Yuji Wang , Zeming Wei , Yisen Wang

Despite extensive safety-tuning, large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks via adversarially crafted instructions, reflecting a persistent trade-off between safety and task performance. In this work, we propose…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Wei Jie Yeo , Ranjan Satapathy , Erik Cambria

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) bridge the gap between visual and textual data, enabling a range of advanced applications. However, complex internal interactions among visual elements and their alignment with text can introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Zuopeng Yang , Jiluan Fan , Anli Yan , Erdun Gao , Xin Lin , Tao Li , Kanghua Mo , Changyu Dong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across diverse tasks. Nevertheless, they still pose notable safety risks due to potential misuse for malicious purposes. Jailbreaking, which seeks to induce models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Hua Tang , Lingyong Yan , Yukun Zhao , Shuaiqiang Wang , Jizhou Huang , Dawei Yin

We present a novel black-box jailbreaking framework that integrates multiple LLM-as-Attacker strategies to deliver highly transferable and effective attacks. The framework is grounded in three key insights from prior jailbreaking research…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Yiqi Yang , Hongye Fu

Despite the remarkable performance of video-based large language models (LLMs), their adversarial threat remains unexplored. To fill this gap, we propose the first adversarial attack tailored for video-based LLMs by crafting flow-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Jinmin Li , Kuofeng Gao , Yang Bai , Jingyun Zhang , Shu-tao Xia , Yisen Wang

In-context learning (ICL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm leveraging LLMs for specific downstream tasks by utilizing labeled examples as demonstrations (demos) in the preconditioned prompts. Despite its promising performance, crafted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Xiangyu Zhou , Yao Qiang , Saleh Zare Zade , Prashant Khanduri , Dongxiao Zhu

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) as automatic judges for code evaluation is becoming increasingly prevalent in academic environments. But their reliability can be compromised by students who may employ adversarial prompting…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Devanshu Sahoo , Vasudev Majhi , Arjun Neekhra , Yash Sinha , Murari Mandal , Dhruv Kumar

Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained to refuse harmful requests, yet they remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that exploit weaknesses in conversational safety mechanisms. We introduce Incremental Completion Decomposition (ICD), a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Samee Arif , Naihao Deng , Zhijing Jin , Rada Mihalcea
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