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Machine learning models that first learn a representation of a domain in terms of human-understandable concepts, then use it to make predictions, have been proposed to facilitate interpretation and interaction with models trained on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Isaac Lage , Finale Doshi-Velez

As machine learning becomes an important part of many real world applications affecting human lives, new requirements, besides high predictive accuracy, become important. One important requirement is transparency, which has been associated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-01 Tiago Botari , Rafael Izbicki , Andre C. P. L. F. de Carvalho

In healthcare there is a pursuit for employing interpretable algorithms to assist healthcare professionals in several decision scenarios. Following the Predictive, Descriptive and Relevant (PDR) framework, the definition of interpretable…

Interpretable representations are the backbone of many explainers that target black-box predictive systems based on artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms. They translate the low-level data representation necessary for good…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Kacper Sokol , Peter Flach

Prototype learning, a popular machine learning method designed for inherently interpretable decisions, leverages similarities to learned prototypes for classifying new data. While it is mainly applied in computer vision, in this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Claudio Fanconi , Moritz Vandenhirtz , Severin Husmann , Julia E. Vogt

Interpretability methods aim to help users build trust in and understand the capabilities of machine learning models. However, existing approaches often rely on abstract, complex visualizations that poorly map to the task at hand or require…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Harini Suresh , Kathleen M. Lewis , John V. Guttag , Arvind Satyanarayan

While deep learning has achieved impressive performance in time series forecasting, it becomes increasingly crucial to understand its decision-making process for building trust in high-stakes scenarios. Existing interpretable models often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ziheng Peng , Shijie Ren , Xinyue Gu , Linxiao Yang , Xiting Wang , Liang Sun

Ensembles of decision trees perform well on many problems, but are not interpretable. In contrast to existing approaches in interpretability that focus on explaining relationships between features and predictions, we propose an alternative…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-26 Sarah Tan , Matvey Soloviev , Giles Hooker , Martin T. Wells

Neural IR architectures, particularly cross-encoders, are highly effective models whose internal mechanisms are mostly unknown. Most works trying to explain their behavior focused on high-level processes (e.g., what in the input influences…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Mathias Vast , Basile Van Cooten , Laure Soulier , Benjamin Piwowarski

While the need for interpretable machine learning has been established, many common approaches are slow, lack fidelity, or hard to evaluate. Amortized explanation methods reduce the cost of providing interpretations by learning a global…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-03 Neil Jethani , Mukund Sudarshan , Yindalon Aphinyanaphongs , Rajesh Ranganath

It is said that beauty is in the eye of the beholder. But how exactly can we characterize such discrepancies in interpretation? For example, are there any specific features of an image that makes person A regard an image as beautiful while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-23 Philipp Blandfort , Jörn Hees , Desmond U. Patton

Medical image classification is a critical problem for healthcare, with the potential to alleviate the workload of doctors and facilitate diagnoses of patients. However, two challenges arise when deploying deep learning models to real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-06 An Yan , Yu Wang , Yiwu Zhong , Zexue He , Petros Karypis , Zihan Wang , Chengyu Dong , Amilcare Gentili , Chun-Nan Hsu , Jingbo Shang , Julian McAuley

How to interpret a data mining model has received much attention recently, because people may distrust a black-box predictive model if they do not understand how the model works. Hence, it will be trustworthy if a model can provide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Zengyou He , Pengju Li , Yifan Tang , Lianyu Hu , Mudi Jiang , Yan Liu

For machine learning models to be most useful in numerous sociotechnical systems, many have argued that they must be human-interpretable. However, despite increasing interest in interpretability, there remains no firm consensus on how to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Andrew Slavin Ross , Nina Chen , Elisa Zhao Hang , Elena L. Glassman , Finale Doshi-Velez

We discuss our insights into interpretable artificial-intelligence (AI) models, and how they are essential in the context of developing ethical AI systems, as well as data-driven solutions compliant with the Sustainable Development Goals…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Ricardo Vinuesa , Beril Sirmacek

The increasing complexity of AI systems has made understanding their behavior critical. Numerous interpretability methods have been developed to attribute model behavior to three key aspects: input features, training data, and internal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Shichang Zhang , Tessa Han , Usha Bhalla , Himabindu Lakkaraju

What is it to interpret the outputs of an opaque machine learning model. One approach is to develop interpretable machine learning techniques. These techniques aim to show how machine learning models function by providing either model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Andrew Smart , Atoosa Kasirzadeh

Existing interpretation algorithms have found that, even deep models make the same and right predictions on the same image, they might rely on different sets of input features for classification. However, among these sets of features, some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Xuhong Li , Haoyi Xiong , Siyu Huang , Shilei Ji , Dejing Dou

Understanding why machine learning models behave the way they do empowers both system designers and end-users in many ways: in model selection, feature engineering, in order to trust and act upon the predictions, and in more intuitive user…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-06-20 Marco Tulio Ribeiro , Sameer Singh , Carlos Guestrin

Prototypical parts-based networks are becoming increasingly popular due to their faithful self-explanations. However, their similarity maps are calculated in the penultimate network layer. Therefore, the receptive field of the prototype…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Mikołaj Sacha , Bartosz Jura , Dawid Rymarczyk , Łukasz Struski , Jacek Tabor , Bartosz Zieliński