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The preparation of thermal equilibrium states is important for the simulation of condensed-matter and cosmology systems using a quantum computer. We present a method to prepare such mixed states with unitary operators, and demonstrate this…

Nature is governed by precise physical laws, which can inspire the discovery of new computer-run simulation algorithms. Thermal states are the most ubiquitous for they are the equilibrium states of matter. Simulating thermal states of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-13 Oles Shtanko , Ramis Movassagh

While questions on quantum simulation of ground state physics are mostly focussed on the realization of effective interactions, most work on quantum simulation of thermal physics explores the realization of dynamics towards a thermal mixed…

We describe a quantum algorithm to compute the density of states and thermal equilibrium properties of quantum many-body systems. We present results obtained by running this algorithm on a software implementation of a 21-qubit quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 H. De Raedt , A. H. Hams , K. Michielsen , S. Miyashita , K. Saito

We present a holographic quantum simulation algorithm to variationally prepare thermal states of $d$-dimensional interacting quantum many-body systems, using only enough hardware qubits to represent a ($d$-1)-dimensional cross-section. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-17 Yuxuan Zhang , Shahin Jahanbani , Daoheng Niu , Reza Haghshenas , Andrew C. Potter

The recent advancement of quantum computer hardware offers the potential to simulate quantum many-body systems beyond the capability of its classical counterparts. However, most current works focus on simulating the ground-state properties…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-14 Chee Kong Lee , Shi-Xin Zhang , Chang-Yu Hsieh , Shengyu Zhang , Liang Shi

Calculating the physical properties of quantum thermal states is a difficult problem for classical computers, rendering it intractable for most quantum many-body systems. A quantum computer, by contrast, would make many of these…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-11-19 John Martyn , Brian Swingle

Thermal pure state algorithms, which employ pure quantum states representing thermal equilibrium states instead of statistical ensembles, are useful both for numerical simulations and for theoretical analysis of thermal states. However,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-12-18 Yasushi Yoneta

Thermal properties of nanomaterials are crucial to not only improving our fundamental understanding of condensed matter systems, but also to developing novel materials for applications spanning research and industry. Since quantum effects…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-26 Connor Powers , Lindsay Bassman Oftelie , Daan Camps , Wibe A. de Jong

We address the question of how a quantum computer can be used to simulate experiments on quantum systems in thermal equilibrium. We present two approaches for the preparation of the equilibrium state on a quantum computer. For both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Barbara M. Terhal , David P. DiVincenzo

Preparation of quantum thermal states of many-body systems is a key computational challenge for quantum processors, with applications in physics, chemistry, and classical optimization. We provide a simple and efficient algorithm for thermal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Jerome Lloyd , Dmitry A. Abanin

For quantum many-body systems in one dimension, computational complexity theory reveals that the evaluation of ground-state energy remains elusive on quantum computers, contrasting the existence of a classical algorithm for temperatures…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-06-11 Atsushi Iwaki , Chisa Hotta

Digital quantum simulation uses the capabilities of quantum computers to determine the dynamics of quantum systems, which are beyond the computability of modern classical computers. A notoriously challenging task in this field is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-19 Benedikt Fauseweh , Jian-Xin Zhu

We present an algorithm that prepares thermal Gibbs states of one dimensional quantum systems on a quantum computer without any memory overhead, and in a time significantly shorter than other known alternatives. Specifically, the time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-10-29 Ersen Bilgin , Sergio Boixo

The development of novel quantum many-body computational algorithms relies on robust benchmarking. However, generating such benchmarks is often hindered by the massive computational resources required for exact diagonalization or quantum…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-12-29 Wei-Bo He , Yun-Tong Yang , Hong-Gang Luo

Measurement-based quantum computation utilizes an initial entangled resource state and proceeds with subsequent single-qubit measurements. It is implicitly assumed that the interactions between qubits can be switched off so that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-08-08 Ying Li , Daniel E. Browne , Leong Chuan Kwek , Robert Raussendorf , Tzu-Chieh Wei

In this paper we develop a quantum algorithm to realize finite temperature simulation on a quantum computer. As quantum computers use real-time evolution we did not use the imaginary time methods popular on classical algorithms. Instead, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-11 Raffaele Miceli , Michael McGuigan

Quantum dynamics can be analyzed via the structure of energy eigenstates. However, in the many-body setting, preparing eigenstates associated with finite temperatures requires time scaling exponentially with system size. In this work we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-11 Samuel J. Garratt , Soonwon Choi

Quantum computers hold promise to enable efficient simulations of the properties of molecules and materials; however, at present they only permit ab initio calculations of a few atoms, due to a limited number of qubits. In order to harness…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-07-07 He Ma , Marco Govoni , Giulia Galli

The problem of quantum state estimation is crucial in the development of quantum technologies. In particular, the use of symmetric quantum states is useful in many relevant applications. In this work, we analyze the task of reconstructing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-20 Federico Holik , Marcelo Losada , Giannina Zerr , Lorena Rebón , Diego Tielas
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