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We report preliminary results of a simulation study on the multi-hop extension of the recently-proposed energy-efficient wireless sensor network time synchronization scheme based on time-translating gateways. Unlike the single-hop case, in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-06-30 Qimeng Liao , Kyeong Soo Kim

Phase, frequency, and time synchronization are crucial requirements for many applications, such as multi-static remote sensing and communication systems. Moreover, the synchronization solution becomes even more challenging when the nodes…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-23 Juan Merlano Duncan , Liz Martinez-Marrero , Jorge Querol , Sumit Kumar , Adriano Camps , Symeon Chatzinotas , Bjorn Ottersten

The fifth generation new radio (5G NR) technology is expected to fulfill reliable and accurate positioning requirements of industry use cases, such as autonomous robots, connected vehicles, and future factories. Starting from Third…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Rakesh Mundlamuri , Rajeev Gangula , Florian Kaltenberger , Raymond Knopp

Many operations in power grids, such as fault detection and event location estimation, depend on precise timing information. In this paper, a novel Time Synchronization Attack (TSA) is proposed to attack the timing information in smart…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-04-03 Zhenghao Zhang , Shuping Gong , Aleksandar D. Dimitrovski , Husheng Li

In this paper, we propose a new method to estimate instantaneous frequency using a combined approach based on the discrete linear chirp transform (DLCT) and the Wigner distribution (WD). The DLCT locally represents a signal as a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-10-15 Osama A. Alkishriwo , Luis F. Chaparro

We propose a simple low-cost technique that enables civil Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and other civil global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers to reliably detect carry-off spoofing and jamming. The technique, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-30 Kyle D. Wesson , Jason N. Gross , Todd E. Humphreys , Brian L. Evans

The generalized cross correlation (GCC) is regarded as the most popular approach for estimating the time difference of arrival (TDOA) between the signals received at two sensors. Time delay estimates are obtained by maximizing the GCC…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-25 Maximo Cobos , Fabio Antonacci , Luca Comanducci , Augusto Sarti

As TESLA-enabled GNSS for authenticated positioning reaches ubiquity, receivers must use an onboard, GNSS-independent clock and carefully constructed time synchronization algorithms to assert the authenticity afforded. This work provides…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Jason Anderson , Sherman Lo , Todd Walter

Drone-based entanglement distribution provides full spatiotemporal coverage for quantum networks, enabling quantum key distribution (QKD) in dynamic environments. The security of QKD fundamentally depends on high-fidelity quantum state…

GNSS are indispensable for various applications, but they are vulnerable to spoofing attacks. The original receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) was not designed for securing GNSS. In this context, RAIM was extended with wireless…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Wenjie Liu , Panos Papadimitratos

The integration of non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) and terrestrial networks (TNs) is fundamental for extending connectivity to rural and underserved areas that lack coverage from traditional cellular infrastructure. However, this…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Alessandro Traspadini , Marco Giordani , Michele Zorzi

Peaks and troughs in the subsynchronous impedance spectrum of a distribution feeder may be a useful indication of oscillation risk, or more importantly lack of oscillation risk, if inverter-based resource (IBR) deployments are increased on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-21 Lingling Fan , Zhixin Miao , Jason MacDonald , Alex McEachern

Due to the limited generation and finite inertia, microgrid suffers from the large frequency and voltage deviation which can lead to system collapse. Thus, reliable load shedding to keep frequency stable is required. Wireless network,…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Qimin Xu , Bo Yang , Cailian Chen , Feilong Lin , Xinping Guan

In this manuscript, we propose a novel optimal Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) time tracking algorithm to collectively steer an ensemble consisting of synchronising miniature atomic clocks towards standard GNSS time. The…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-02 Maitreyee Dutta , Jiayu Chen , Masakazu Koike , Yuichiro Yano , Yuko Hanado , Takayuki Ishizaki

During the last years the transfer of frequency signals through optical fibers has shown ultra low instabilities in various configurations. The outstanding experimental results of such point-to-point connections is motivation to develop a…

Optics · Physics 2019-10-25 M. Rost , M. Fujieda , D. Piester

Decentralized optimization algorithms have recently attracted increasing attention due to its wide applications in all areas of science and engineering. In these algorithms, a collection of agents collaborate to minimize the average of a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-18 Shujing Feng , Xin Jiang

The emerging Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) can aid to provide 5G and beyond services everywhere and anytime. However, the vast emergence of NTN systems will introduce an unseen interference to both the existing satellite systems and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Henrik Martikainen , Mikko Majamaa , Jani Puttonen

Time serves as the foundation of modern society and will continue to grow in value in the future world. Unlike previous research papers, authors delve into various time sources, ranging from atomic time and GPS time to quartz time.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Wei Dai , Rui Zhang , Jinwei Liu

Accurate and fast-convergent time synchronization is very important for wireless sensor networks. The flooding time synchronization converges fast, but its transmission delay and by-hop error accumulation seriously reduce the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-02 Fanrong Shi , Xianguo Tuo , Simon X. Yang , Jing Lu , Huailiang Li

To exploit the full potential of radio measurements of cosmic-ray air showers at MHz frequencies, a detector timing synchronization within 1 ns is needed. Large distributed radio detector arrays such as the Auger Engineering Radio Array…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-02-16 The Pierre Auger Collaboration , A. Aab , P. Abreu , M. Aglietta , E. J. Ahn , I. Al Samarai , I. F. M. Albuquerque , I. Allekotte , P. Allison , A. Almela , J. Alvarez Castillo , J. Alvarez-Muñiz , R. Alves Batista , M. Ambrosio , A. Aminaei , G. A. Anastasi , L. Anchordoqui , S. Andringa , C. Aramo , F. Arqueros , N. Arsene , H. Asorey , P. Assis , J. Aublin , G. Avila , N. Awal , A. M. Badescu , C. Baus , J. J. Beatty , K. H. Becker , J. A. Bellido , C. Berat , M. E. Bertaina , X. Bertou , P. L. Biermann , P. Billoir , S. G. Blaess , A. Blanco , M. Blanco , J. Blazek , C. Bleve , H. Blümer , M. Boháčová , D. Boncioli , C. Bonifazi , N. Borodai , J. Brack , I. Brancus , T. Bretz , A. Bridgeman , P. Brogueira , P. Buchholz , A. Bueno , S. Buitink , M. Buscemi , K. S. Caballero-Mora , B. Caccianiga , L. Caccianiga , M. Candusso , L. Caramete , R. Caruso , A. Castellina , G. Cataldi , L. Cazon , R. Cester , A. G. Chavez , A. Chiavassa , J. A. Chinellato , J. Chudoba , M. Cilmo , R. W. Clay , G. Cocciolo , R. Colalillo , A. Coleman , L. Collica , M. R. Coluccia , R. Conceição , F. Contreras , M. J. Cooper , A. Cordier , S. Coutu , C. E. Covault , J. Cronin , R. Dallier , B. Daniel , S. Dasso , K. Daumiller , B. R. Dawson , R. M. de Almeida , S. J. de Jong , G. De Mauro , J. R. T. de Mello Neto , I. De Mitri , J. de Oliveira , V. de Souza , L. del Peral , O. Deligny , N. Dhital , C. Di Giulio , A. Di Matteo , J. C. Diaz , M. L. Díaz Castro , F. Diogo , C. Dobrigkeit , W. Docters , J. C. D'Olivo , A. Dorofeev , Q. Dorosti Hasankiadeh , R. C. dos Anjos , M. T. Dova , J. Ebr , R. Engel , M. Erdmann , M. Erfani , C. O. Escobar , J. Eser , J. Espadanal , A. Etchegoyen , H. Falcke , K. Fang , G. Farrar , A. C. Fauth , N. Fazzini , A. P. Ferguson , B. Fick , J. M. Figueira , A. Filevich , A. Filipčič , O. Fratu , M. M. Freire , T. Fujii , B. García , D. García-Gámez , D. Garcia-Pinto , F. Gate , H. Gemmeke , A. Gherghel-Lascu , P. L. Ghia , U. Giaccari , M. Giammarchi , M. Giller , D. Głas , C. Glaser , H. Glass , G. Golup , M. Gómez Berisso , P. F. Gómez Vitale , N. González , B. Gookin , J. Gordon , A. Gorgi , P. Gorham , P. Gouffon , N. Griffith , A. F. Grillo , T. D. Grubb , F. Guarino , G. P. Guedes , M. R. Hampel , P. Hansen , D. Harari , T. A. Harrison , S. Hartmann , J. L. Harton , A. Haungs , T. Hebbeker , D. Heck , P. Heimann , A. E. Hervé , G. C. Hill , C. Hojvat , N. Hollon , E. Holt , P. Homola , J. R. Hörandel , P. Horvath , M. Hrabovský , D. Huber , T. Huege , A. Insolia , P. G. Isar , I. Jandt , S. Jansen , C. Jarne , J. A. Johnsen , M. Josebachuili , A. Kääpä , O. Kambeitz , K. H. Kampert , P. Kasper , I. Katkov , B. Keilhauer , E. Kemp , R. M. Kieckhafer , H. O. Klages , M. Kleifges , J. Kleinfeller , R. Krause , N. Krohm , D. Kuempel , G. Kukec Mezek , N. Kunka , A. W. Kuotb Awad , D. LaHurd , A. Lang , L. Latronico , R. Lauer , M. Lauscher , P. Lautridou , S. Le Coz , D. Lebrun , P. Lebrun , M. A. Leigui de Oliveira , A. Letessier-Selvon , I. Lhenry-Yvon , K. Link , L. Lopes , R. López , A. López Casado , K. Louedec , A. Lucero , M. Malacari , M. Mallamaci , J. Maller , D. Mandat , P. Mantsch , A. G. Mariazzi , V. Marin , I. C. Mariş , G. Marsella , D. Martello , H. Martinez , O. Martínez Bravo , D. Martraire , J. J. Masías Meza , H. J. Mathes , S. Mathys , J. Matthews , J. A. J. Matthews , G. Matthiae , D. Maurizio , E. Mayotte , P. O. Mazur , C. Medina , G. Medina-Tanco , R. Meissner , V. B. B. Mello , D. Melo , A. Menshikov , S. Messina , M. I. Micheletti , L. Middendorf , I. A. Minaya , L. Miramonti , B. Mitrica , L. Molina-Bueno , S. Mollerach , F. Montanet , C. Morello , M. Mostafá , C. A. Moura , G. Müller , M. A. Muller , S. Müller , S. Navas , P. Necesal , L. Nellen , A. Nelles , J. Neuser , P. H. Nguyen , M. Niculescu-Oglinzanu , M. Niechciol , L. Niemietz , T. Niggemann , D. Nitz , D. Nosek , V. Novotny , L. Nožka , L. A. Núñez , L. Ochilo , F. Oikonomou , A. Olinto , N. Pacheco , D. Pakk Selmi-Dei , M. Palatka , J. Pallotta , P. Papenbreer , G. Parente , A. Parra , T. Paul , M. Pech , J. Pękala , R. Pelayo , I. M. Pepe , L. Perrone , E. Petermann , C. Peters , S. Petrera , Y. Petrov , J. Phuntsok , R. Piegaia , T. Pierog , P. Pieroni , M. Pimenta , V. Pirronello , M. Platino , M. Plum , A. Porcelli , C. Porowski , R. R. Prado , P. Privitera , M. Prouza , E. J. Quel , S. Querchfeld , S. Quinn , J. Rautenberg , O. Ravel , D. Ravignani , D. Reinert , B. Revenu , J. Ridky , M. Risse , P. Ristori , V. Rizi , W. Rodrigues de Carvalho , J. Rodriguez Rojo , M. D. Rodríguez-Frías , D. Rogozin , J. Rosado , M. Roth , E. Roulet , A. C. Rovero , S. J. Saffi , A. Saftoiu , H. Salazar , A. Saleh , F. Salesa Greus , G. Salina , J. D. Sanabria Gomez , F. Sánchez , P. Sanchez-Lucas , E. M. Santos , E. Santos , F. Sarazin , B. Sarkar , R. Sarmento , C. Sarmiento-Cano , R. Sato , C. Scarso , M. Schauer , V. Scherini , H. 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