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The implementation of a quantum computer requires the realization of a large number of N-qubit unitary operations which represent the possible oracles or which are part of the quantum algorithm. Until now there are no standard ways to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Norbert Schuch , Jens Siewert

In this paper we present a novel approach to emulating a universal quantum computer with a classical system, one that uses a signal of bounded duration and amplitude to represent an arbitrary quantum state. The signal may be of any modality…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-27 Brian R. La Cour , Granville E. Ott

Probabilistic graphical models such as Bayesian networks are widely used to model stochastic systems to perform various types of analysis such as probabilistic prediction, risk analysis, and system health monitoring, which can become…

Quantum computers can solve certain problems more efficiently than any possible conventional computer. Small quantum algorithms have been demonstrated on multiple quantum computing platforms, many specifically tailored in hardware to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-05 S. Debnath , N. M. Linke , C. Figgatt , K. A. Landsman , K. Wright , C. Monroe

Schemes of experimental realization of the main two qubit processors for quantum computers and Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm are derived in virtual spin representation. The results are applicable for every four quantum states allowing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Alexander R. Kessel , Natalia M. Yakovleva

We present a probabilistic quantum processor for qudits. The processor itself is represented by a fixed array of gates. The input of the processor consists of two registers. In the program register the set of instructions (program) is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Mark Hillery , Vladimir Buzek , Mario Ziman

A bit-quantum map relates probabilistic information for Ising spins or classical bits to quantum spins or qubits. Quantum systems are subsystems of classical statistical systems. The Ising spins can represent macroscopic two-level…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-23 C. Wetterich

According to the statistical interpretation of quantum theory, quantum computers form a distinguished class of probabilistic machines (PMs) by encoding n qubits in 2n pbits (random binary variables). This raises the possibility of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. Gralewicz

In this paper, we develop a new classical simulation of quantum bit (qubit) by use of analog components in order to be able to simulate the quantum properties such as the superposition of states. As part of this new approach, we have also…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-27 A. Chouikh , T. Said , M. Bennai

Simulating quantum algorithms with classical resources generally requires exponential resources. However, heuristic classical approaches are often very efficient in approximately simulating special circuit structures, for example with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-17 Bjarni Jónsson , Bela Bauer , Giuseppe Carleo

The implementation and practicality of quantum algorithms highly hinge on the quality of operations within a quantum processor. Therefore, including realistic error models in quantum computing simulation platforms is crucial for testing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-12 Ahmed Abid Moueddene , Nader Khammassi , Koen Bertels , Carmen G. Almudever

In the paper is discussed complete probabilistic description of quantum systems with application to multiqubit quantum computations. In simplest case it is a set of probabilities of transitions to some fixed set of states. The probabilities…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Alexander Yu. Vlasov

We describe and analyze algorithms for classically simulating measurement of an $n$-qubit quantum state $\psi$ in the standard basis, that is, sampling a bit string $x$ from the probability distribution $|\langle x|\psi\rangle|^2$. Our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 Sergey Bravyi , David Gosset , Yinchen Liu

The temporal evolution of a quantum system can be characterized by quantum process tomography, a complex task that consumes a number of physical resources scaling exponentially with the number of subsystems. An alternative approach to the…

Quantum circuit simulators running on classical computers offer a vital platform for designing, testing, and optimizing quantum algorithms, driving innovation despite limited access to real quantum hardware. However, their scalability is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Gleb Kalachev , Pavel Mosharev , Zuoheng Zou , Pavel Panteleev , Man-Hong Yung

In this work, we develop a novel mathematical framework for universal digital quantum computation using algebraic probability theory. We rigorously define quantum circuits as finite sequences of elementary quantum gates and establish their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Antonio Falcó , Daniela Falcó--Pomares , Hermann G. Matthies

A recently introduced classical simulation method for universal quantum computation with magic states operates by repeated sampling from probability functions [M. Zurel et al. PRL 260404 (2020)]. This method is closely related to sampling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-05 Michael Zurel , Cihan Okay , Robert Raussendorf

A new method for simulation of a binary homogeneous Markov process using a quantum computer was proposed. This new method allows using the distinguished properties of the quantum mechanical systems -- superposition, entanglement and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-12 Petar Nikolov

We present quantum algorithms for the simulation of quantum systems in one spatial dimension, which result in quantum speedups that range from superpolynomial to polynomial. We first describe a method to simulate the evolution of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-09 Rolando D. Somma

We develop and analyze a method for simulating quantum circuits on classical computers by representing quantum states as rooted tree tensor networks. Our algorithm first determines a suitable, fixed tree structure adapted to the expected…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-05 Philipp Seitz , Ismael Medina , Esther Cruz , Qunsheng Huang , Christian B. Mendl