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A significant barrier to deploying autonomous vehicles (AVs) on a massive scale is safety assurance. Several technical challenges arise due to the uncertain environment in which AVs operate such as road and weather conditions, errors in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Majid Khonji , Jorge Dias , Lakmal Seneviratne

Specifying the intended behaviour of autonomous systems is becoming increasingly important but is fraught with many challenges. This technical report provides an overview of existing work on specifications of autonomous systems and places a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-21 Andrew Sogokon , Burak Yuksek , Gokhan Inalhan , Neeraj Suri

From autonomous vacuum cleaners to self-driving cars, intelligent mechanical systems are becoming an intrinsic part of our daily lives. In this work, a framework for the development of intelligent mechanical systems is presented.Considering…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-14 Wallace M. Bessa

Accurate identification of important objects in the scene is a prerequisite for safe and high-quality decision making and motion planning of intelligent agents (e.g., autonomous vehicles) that navigate in complex and dynamic environments.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Jiachen Li , Haiming Gang , Hengbo Ma , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Chiho Choi

Semi-autonomous vehicles are increasingly serving critical functions in various settings from mining to logistics to defence. A key characteristic of such systems is the presence of the human (drivers) in the control loop. To ensure safety,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2013-01-03 Siraj Shaikh , Padmanabhan Krishnan

The Robot Operating System (ROS) is a widely used framework for building robotic systems. It offers a wide variety of reusable packages and a pattern for new developments. It is up to developers how to combine these elements and integrate…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Yi Yang , Tom Holvoet

In the recent years, there has been a rush towards highly autonomous systems operating in public environments, such as automated driving of road vehicles, passenger shuttle systems and mobile robots. These systems, operating in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Alexander Poddey , Tino Brade , Jan Erik Stellet , Wolfgang Branz

Recent years have seen significant progress in the realm of robot autonomy, accompanied by the expanding reach of robotic technologies. However, the emergence of new deployment domains brings unprecedented challenges in ensuring safe…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-13 Kai-Chieh Hsu , Haimin Hu , Jaime Fernández Fisac

Existing definitions and associated conceptual frameworks for computer-based system safety should be revisited in light of real-world experiences from deploying autonomous vehicles. Current terminology used by industry safety standards…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Philip Koopman , William Widen

In autonomous driving, perception systems are piv otal as they interpret sensory data to understand the envi ronment, which is essential for decision-making and planning. Ensuring the safety of these perception systems is fundamental for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Urvishkumar Bharti , Vikram Shahapur

Autonomous driving has made significant progress in both academia and industry, including performance improvements in perception task and the development of end-to-end autonomous driving systems. However, the safety and robustness…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Jingzheng Li , Xianglong Liu , Shikui Wei , Zhijun Chen , Bing Li , Qing Guo , Xianqi Yang , Yanjun Pu , Jiakai Wang

Autonomous vehicles often make complex decisions via machine learning-based predictive models applied to collected sensor data. While this combination of methods provides a foundation for real-time actions, self-driving behavior primarily…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Shahin Atakishiyev , Mohammad Salameh , Randy Goebel

Assuring safety for ``AI-based'' systems is one of the current challenges in safety engineering. For automated driving systems, in particular, further assurance challenges result from the open context that the systems need to operate in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-29 Marcus Nolte , Nayel Fabian Salem , Olaf Franke , Jan Heckmann , Christoph Höhmann , Georg Stettinger , Markus Maurer

Autonomous systems (AS) are systems that have the capability to take decisions free from direct human control. AS are increasingly being considered for adoption for applications where their behaviour may cause harm, such as when used for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Richard Hawkins , Matt Osborne , Mike Parsons , Mark Nicholson , John McDermid , Ibrahim Habli

As Autonomous Systems (AS) become more ubiquitous in society, more responsible for our safety and our interaction with them more frequent, it is essential that they are trustworthy. Assessing the trustworthiness of AS is a mandatory…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Gregory Chance , Dhaminda B. Abeywickrama , Beckett LeClair , Owen Kerr , Kerstin Eder

For autonomous vehicles, safe navigation in complex environments depends on handling a broad range of diverse and rare driving scenarios. Simulation- and scenario-based testing have emerged as key approaches to development and validation of…

Object detection in autonomous driving consists in perceiving and locating instances of objects in multi-dimensional data, such as images or lidar scans. Very recently, multiple works are proposing to evaluate object detectors by measuring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Andrea Ceccarelli , Leonardo Montecchi

Collaboration in multi-agent autonomous systems is critical to increase performance while ensuring safety. However, due to heterogeneity of their features in, e.g., perception qualities, some autonomous systems have to be considered more…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Selma Saidi

Autonomy is fundamental for artificial agents acting in complex real-world scenarios. The acquisition of many different skills is pivotal to foster versatile autonomous behaviour and thus a main objective for robotics and machine learning.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-08 Vieri Giuliano Santucci , Emilio Cartoni , Bruno Castro da Silva , Gianluca Baldassarre

An open problem for autonomous driving is how to validate the safety of an autonomous vehicle in simulation. Automated testing procedures can find failures of an autonomous system but these failures may be difficult to interpret due to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Anthony Corso , Mykel J. Kochenderfer