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5G sets the foundation for an era of creativity with its faster speeds, increased data throughput, reduced latency, and enhanced IoT connectivity, all enabled by Massive MIMO (M-MIMO) technology. M-MIMO boosts network efficiency and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Muhammad Kamran Saeed , Ashfaq Khokhar

Massive MIMO communication systems have been identified as one of the most prominent technologies of the next generation wireless standards, such as 5G, due to the large gains in energy and spectral efficiency that can be achieved. In the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-04 Jose Carlos Marinello , Taufik Abrao

Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF mMIMO) provides good interference management by coordinating many more access points (APs) than user equipments (UEs). It becomes challenging to determine which APs should serve which UEs…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Shuaifei Chen , Jiayi Zhang , Emil Björnson , Bo Ai

Due to its communication efficiency and privacy-preserving capability, federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising framework for machine learning in 5G-and-beyond wireless networks. Of great interest is the design and optimization of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Tung T. Vu , Duy T. Ngo , Hien Quoc Ngo , Minh N. Dao , Nguyen H. Tran , Richard H. Middleton

Cell-Free Massive Multiple-input Multiple-output (mMIMO) consists of many access points (APs) in a coverage area that jointly serve the users. These systems can significantly reduce the interference among the users compared to conventional…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Abbas Khalili , Alexei Ashikhmin , Hong Yang

The problem of beam alignment (BA) in a cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) system operating at millimeter wave (mmWaves) carrier frequencies is considered in this paper. Two estimation algorithms are proposed, in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Stefano Buzzi , Carmen D'Andrea , Maria Fresia , Xiaofeng Wu

Extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple output (XL-MIMO) is a promising technology to achieve high spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) in future wireless systems. The larger array aperture of XL-MIMO makes…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Bokai Xu , Jiayi Zhang , Hongyang Du , Zhe Wang , Yuanwei Liu , Dusit Niyato , Bo Ai , Khaled B. Letaief

The assignment of the pilot sequence is a critical challenge in massive MIMO systems, as sharing the same pilot sequence among multiple users causes interference, which degrades the accuracy of the channel estimation. This problem,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Eman Alqudah , Ashfaq Khokhar

Cell-free massive multi-input multi-output (CFmMIMO) offers uniform service quality through distributed access points (APs), yet unresolved issues remain. This paper proposes a heterogeneous system design that goes beyond the original…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Wei Jiang , Hans D. Schotten

This paper proposes a novel scheme for cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CFmMIMO) networks to support any federated learning (FL) framework. This scheme allows each instead of all the iterations of the FL framework to happen…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-16 Tung T. Vu , Duy T. Ngo , Nguyen H. Tran , Hien Quoc Ngo , Minh N. Dao , Richard H. Middleton

In user-centric cell-free multi-antenna systems, pilot contamination degrades spectral efficiency (SE) severely. To mitigate pilot contamination, existing works jointly optimize pilot assignment and power allocation by assuming fixed pilot…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-01 Yao Peng , Tingting Liu , Chenyang Yang

A massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, which utilizes a large number of antennas at the base station (BS) to serve multiple users, suffers from pilot contamination due to inter-cell interference. A smart pilot assignment…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Xudong Zhu , Zhaocheng Wang , Linglong Dai , Chen Qian

In this paper, we consider the problem of joint user scheduling and dynamic pilot allocation in a Time-Division Duplex (TDD) based Massive MIMO network under varying traffic condition. One of the main problems with Massive MIMO systems is…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Mehmet Karaca

This letter focuses on the pilot contamination problem in the uplink and downlink of cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output networks with different degrees of cooperation between access points. The optimum minimum mean square…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Alberto Alvarez Polegre , Luca Sanguinetti , Ana Garcia Armada

Motivated by the ever-growing demand for \emph{green} wireless communications and the advantages of \emph{cell-free} (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, we focus on the design of their downlink for optimal…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Anastasios Papazafeiropoulos , Hien Q. Ngo , Pandelis Kourtessis , Symeon Chatzinotas , John M. Senior

Millimeter wave (mmWave) cell-free massive MIMO (CF mMIMO) is a promising solution for future wireless communications. However, its optimization is non-trivial due to the challenging channel characteristics. We show that mmWave CF mMIMO…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-11 Bile Peng , Bihan Guo , Karl-Ludwig Besser , Luca Kunz , Ramprasad Raghunath , Anke Schmeink , Eduard A Jorswieck , Giuseppe Caire , H. Vincent Poor

In-band full-duplex (FD) operation is practically more suited for short-range communications such as WiFi and small-cell networks, due to its current practical limitations on the self-interference cancellation. In addition, cell-free…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-22 Hieu V. Nguyen , Van-Dinh Nguyen , Octavia A. Dobre , Shree Krishna Sharma , Symeon Chatzinotas , Björn Ottersten , Oh-Soon Shin

Pilot contamination remains a major bottleneck in realizing the full potential of distributed massive MIMO systems. We propose two dynamic and scalable pilot assignment schemes designed for practical deployment in such networks. First, we…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Mohd Saif Ali Khan , Karthik RM , Samar Agnihotri

Massive MIMO is expected to play an important role in the development of 5G networks. This paper addresses the issue of pilot contamination and scalability in massive MIMO systems. The current practice of reusing orthogonal pilot sequences…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Muhammad Kamran Saeed , Ahmed E. Kamal , Ashfaq Khokhar

The physical layer foundations of cell-free massive MIMO (CF-mMIMO) have been well-established. As a next step, researchers are investigating practical and energy-efficient network implementations. This paper focuses on multiple sets of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-14 Özlem Tuğfe Demir , Lianet Méndez-Monsanto , Nicola Bastianello , Emma Fitzgerald , Gilles Callebaut