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Vision-language models (VLMs) achieve remarkable performance but remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Entropy, as a measure of model uncertainty, is highly correlated with VLM reliability. While prior entropy-based attacks maximize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Mengqi He , Xinyu Tian , Xin Shen , Jinhong Ni , Shu Zou , Zhaoyuan Yang , Jing Zhang

Neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, malicious inputs crafted to fool trained models. Adversarial examples often exhibit black-box transfer, meaning that adversarial examples for one model can fool another model. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-22 Qian Huang , Zeqi Gu , Isay Katsman , Horace He , Pian Pawakapan , Zhiqiu Lin , Serge Belongie , Ser-Nam Lim

Black-box adversarial attack on vision-language pre-trained models is a practical and challenging task, as text and image perturbations need to be considered simultaneously, and only the predicted results are accessible. Research on this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Han Liu , Jiaqi Li , Zhi Xu , Xiaotong Zhang , Xiaoming Xu , Fenglong Ma , Yuanman Li , Hong Yu

The growing deployment of Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) raises safety concerns, as adversaries may exploit model vulnerabilities to induce harmful outputs, with targeted black-box adversarial attacks posing a particularly severe…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Yiming Cao , Yanjie Li , Kaisheng Liang , Bin Xiao

The transferability of adversarial examples poses a significant security challenge for deep neural networks, which can be attacked without knowing anything about them. In this paper, we propose a new Segmented Gaussian Pyramid (SGP) attack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Zihong Guo , Chen Wan , Yayin Zheng , Hailing Kuang , Xiaohai Lu

Deep learning-based person re-identification (re-id) models are widely employed in surveillance systems and inevitably inherit the vulnerability of deep networks to adversarial attacks. Existing attacks merely consider cross-dataset and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Yuan Bian , Min Liu , Xueping Wang , Yunfeng Ma , Yaonan Wang

Strong adversarial examples are crucial for evaluating and enhancing the robustness of deep neural networks. However, the performance of popular attacks is usually sensitive, for instance, to minor image transformations, stemming from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Zhengwei Fang , Rui Wang , Tao Huang , Liping Jing

Recent advancements in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown groundbreaking capabilities across diverse multimodal tasks. However, these models remain vulnerable to adversarial jailbreak attacks, where adversaries craft subtle…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Jiwei Guan , Haibo Jin , Haohan Wang

Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) have recently demonstrated remarkable progress in embodied environments, enabling robots to perceive, reason, and act through unified multimodal understanding. Despite their impressive capabilities, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Yuping Yan , Yuhan Xie , Yixin Zhang , Lingjuan Lyu , Handing Wang , Yaochu Jin

Transfer-based attacks generate adversarial examples on the surrogate model, which can mislead other black-box models without access, making it promising to attack real-world applications. Recently, several works have been proposed to boost…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Xiaosen Wang , Kangheng Tong , Kun He

In targeted adversarial attacks on vision models, the selection of the target label is a critical yet often overlooked determinant of attack success. This target label corresponds to the class that the attacker aims to force the model to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Katarzyna Filus , Jorge M. Cruz-Duarte

Deep neural networks are susceptible to adversarial examples while suffering from incorrect predictions via imperceptible perturbations. Transfer-based attacks create adversarial examples for surrogate models and transfer these examples to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Jinjia Peng , Zeze Tao , Huibing Wang , Meng Wang , Yang Wang

Adversarial attacks constitute a notable threat to machine learning systems, given their potential to induce erroneous predictions and classifications. However, within real-world contexts, the essential specifics of the deployed model are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Jingwen Ye , Ruonan Yu , Songhua Liu , Xinchao Wang

In recent years, Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models in embodied intelligence have developed rapidly. However, existing adversarial attack methods require costly end-to-end training and often generate noticeable perturbation patches. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Naifu Zhang , Wei Tao , Xi Xiao , Qianpu Sun , Yuxin Zheng , Wentao Mo , Peiqiang Wang , Nan Zhang

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have revolutionized computer vision, enabling tasks such as image classification, captioning, and visual question answering. However, they remain highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks, particularly in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Atharv Mittal , Agam Pandey , Amritanshu Tiwari , Sukrit Jindal , Swadesh Swain

This paper addresses the challenging black-box adversarial attack problem, where only classification confidence of a victim model is available. Inspired by consistency of visual saliency between different vision models, a surrogate model is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Jiancheng Yang , Yangzhou Jiang , Xiaoyang Huang , Bingbing Ni , Chenglong Zhao

Recently in robotics, Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a transformative approach, enabling robots to execute complex tasks by integrating visual and linguistic inputs within an end-to-end learning framework. Despite their…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models show promise for robotic control, yet performance in complex household environments remains sub-optimal. Mobile manipulation requires reasoning about global scene layout, fine-grained geometry, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Ruisen Tu , Arth Shukla , Sohyun Yoo , Xuanlin Li , Junxi Li , Jianwen Xie , Hao Su , Zhuowen Tu

Adversarial examples are of wide concern due to their impact on the reliability of contemporary machine learning systems. Effective adversarial examples are mostly found via white-box attacks. However, in some cases they can be transferred…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Deyan Petrov , Timothy M. Hospedales

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown remarkable performance, yet their security remains insufficiently understood. Existing adversarial studies focus almost exclusively on the digital setting, leaving physical-world threats largely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yingying Zhao , Chengyin Hu , Qike Zhang , Xin Li , Xin Wang , Yiwei Wei , Jiujiang Guo , Jiahuan Long , Tingsong Jiang , Wen Yao