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To be secure, cryptographic algorithms crucially rely on the underlying hardware to avoid inadvertent leakage of secrets through timing side channels. Unfortunately, such timing channels are ubiquitous in modern hardware, due to its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-09 Klaus v. Gleissenthall , Rami Gökhan Kıcı , Deian Stefan , Ranjit Jhala

The clock synchronization problem is to determine the time difference T between two spatially separated parties. We improve on I. Chuang's quantum clock synchronization algorithm and show that it is possible to obtain T to n bits of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Chris Harrelson , Iordanis Kerenidis

Designing resilient control strategies for mitigating stealthy attacks is a crucial task in emerging cyber-physical systems. In the design of anomaly detectors, it is common to assume Gaussian noise models to maintain tractability; however,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-30 Venkatraman Renganathan , Navid Hashemi , Justin Ruths , Tyler H. Summers

High-precision clock synchronization is essential for a wide range of network-distributed applications. In the quantum space, these applications include communication, sensing, and positioning. However, current synchronization techniques…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Ravi Singh Adhikari , Aman Gupta , Anju Rani , Xiaoyu Ai , Robert Malaney

The drive to create thinner, lighter, and more energy efficient devices has resulted in modern SoCs being forced to balance a delicate tradeoff between power consumption, heat dissipation, and execution speed (i.e., frequency). While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Hritvik Taneja , Jason Kim , Jie Jeff Xu , Stephan van Schaik , Daniel Genkin , Yuval Yarom

Circadian clocks are biochemical oscillators that allow organisms to estimate the time of the day. These oscillators are inherently noisy due to the discrete nature of the reactants and the stochastic character of their interactions. To…

Biological Physics · Physics 2018-03-21 Michele Monti , David K. Lubensky , Pieter Rein ten Wolde

IEEE 1588, built on the classical two-way message exchange scheme, is a popular clock synchronization protocol for packet-switched networks. Due to the presence of random queuing delays in a packet-switched network, the joint recovery of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-26 Anantha K. Karthik , Rick S. Blum

Cache timing attack is a type of side channel attack where the leaking timing information due to the cache behaviour of a crypto system is used by an attacker to break the system. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) was considered a secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-03-31 Janaka Alawatugoda , Darshana Jayasinghe , Roshan Ragel

Background and Objectives: Substitution-box (s-box) is one of the essential components to create confusion and nonlinear properties in cryptography. To strengthening a cipher against various attacks, including side channel attacks, these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Behrooz Khadem , Saeed Rajavzade

Feedback control algorithms traditionally rely on periodic execution on digital platforms. While this simplifies design and analysis, it often leads to inefficient resource usage (e.g., CPU, network bandwidth) in embedded control and shared…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Abbas Tariverdi

To establish a time reference frame between two users in quantum key distribution, a synchronization calibration process is usually applied for the case of using gated mode single-photon detectors (SPDs). Traditionally, the synchronization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-26 Peng Liu , Hua-Lei Yin

The threats of physical side-channel attacks and their countermeasures have been widely researched. Most physical side-channel attacks rely on the unavoidable influence of computation or storage on current consumption or voltage drop on a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Saleh Khalaj Monfared , Tahoura Mosavirik , Shahin Tajik

The confidentiality of trained AI models on edge devices is at risk from side-channel attacks exploiting power and electromagnetic emissions. This paper proposes a novel training methodology to enhance resilience against such threats by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Anuj Dubey , Aydin Aysu

The ever-evolving landscape of attacks, coupled with the growing complexity of ICT systems, makes crafting anomaly-based intrusion detectors (ID) and error detectors (ED) a difficult task: they must accurately detect attacks, and they…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Tommaso Puccetti , Andrea Ceccarelli

This paper addresses the problem of robust clock phase offset estimation for the IEEE 1588 precision time protocol (PTP) in the presence of delay attacks. Delay attacks are one of the most effective cyber attacks in PTP, as they cannot be…

Applications · Statistics 2016-11-17 Anantha K. Karthik , Rick S. Blum

We note that constituent fields (notably the fraction-of-seconds timestamp field) in the data payload structure of the synchrophasor communication protocol (IEEE C37.118 standard) are overprovisioned relative to real-world usage and needs,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Ramesh Karri , Farshad Khorrami

Implementation security, higher generation rate, and lower cost are primary missions in the domain of quantum key distributions in recent years. However, simultaneously achieving robust security, high speed, and low cost often resembles an…

The integration of synchronous generators and energy storage systems operated through communication networks introduces new challenges and vulnerabilities to the electric grid, where cyber attacks can corrupt sensor measurements or control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-26 Jairo Giraldo , Masood Parvania

The globalization of the electronics supply chain requires effective methods to thwart reverse engineering and IP theft. Logic locking is a promising solution, but there are many open concerns. First, even when applied at a higher level of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Christian Pilato , Luca Collini , Luca Cassano , Donatella Sciuto , Siddharth Garg , Ramesh Karri

Frequency restoration in power systems is conventionally performed by broadcasting a centralized signal to local controllers. As a result of the energy transition, technological advances, and the scientific interest in distributed control…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Erieke Weitenberg , Yan Jiang , Changhong Zhao , Enrique Mallada , Claudio De Persis , Florian Dörfler