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Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a range of natural language processing tasks, especially in reasoning, a cornerstone for achieving Artificial General Intelligence (AGI).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Wenbei Xie

Currently, process reward models (PRMs) have exhibited remarkable potential for test-time scaling. Since large language models (LLMs) regularly generate flawed intermediate reasoning steps when tackling a broad spectrum of reasoning and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Zhouhao Sun , Xuan Zhang , Xiao Ding , Bibo Cai , Li Du , Kai Xiong , Xinran Dai , Fei Zhang , weidi tang , Zhiyuan Kan , Yang Zhao , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge, where the LLM's ability to generate responses based on the combination of a given query and retrieved documents is crucial.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Zhehao Tan , Yihan Jiao , Dan Yang , Lei Liu , Jie Feng , Duolin Sun , Yue Shen , Jian Wang , Peng Wei , Jinjie Gu

In this paper, we aim to establish a simple, effective, and theoretically grounded benchmark for rigorously probing abstract reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs). To achieve this, we first develop a mathematic framework that defines…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Qingchuan Ma , Yuhang Wu , Xiawu Zheng , Rongrong Ji

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong performance in math reasoning benchmarks, but their performance varies inconsistently across problems with varying levels of difficulty. This paper describes Adaptive Multi-Expert Reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mohamed Ehab , Ali Hamdi

The cognitive and reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) have enabled remarkable progress in natural language processing. However, their performance in interpreting structured data, especially in tabular formats, remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Rana Alshaikh , Israa Alghanmi , Shelan Jeawak

Large audio-language models (LALMs) have achieved near-human performance in sentence-level transcription and emotion recognition. However, existing evaluations focus mainly on surface-level perception, leaving the capacity of models for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Wanqi Yang , Yanda Li , Yunchao Wei , Meng Fang , Ling Chen

The miscalibration of Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) undermines their reliability in high-stakes domains, necessitating methods to accurately estimate the confidence of their long-form, multi-step outputs. To address this gap, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Reza Khanmohammadi , Erfan Miahi , Simerjot Kaur , Ivan Brugere , Charese H. Smiley , Kundan Thind , Mohammad M. Ghassemi

Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) and large language models (LLMs) have greatly enhanced visual reasoning, a key capability for embodied AI agents like robots. However, existing visual reasoning benchmarks often suffer from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Simindokht Jahangard , Mehrzad Mohammadi , Yi Shen , Zhixi Cai , Hamid Rezatofighi

Existing benchmarks for evaluating mathematical reasoning in large language models (LLMs) rely primarily on competition problems, formal proofs, or artificially challenging questions -- failing to capture the nature of mathematics…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jie Zhang , Cezara Petrui , Kristina Nikolić , Florian Tramèr

Reasoning ability has become a central focus in the advancement of Large Reasoning Models (LRMs). Although notable progress has been achieved on several reasoning benchmarks such as MATH500 and LiveCodeBench, existing benchmarks for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Henan Sun , Kaichi Yu , Yuyao Wang , Bowen Liu , Xunkai Li , Rong-Hua Li , Nuo Chen , Jia Li

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a promising approach for mitigating the hallucination of large language models (LLMs). However, existing research lacks rigorous evaluation of the impact of retrieval-augmented generation on different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Jiawei Chen , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Le Sun

We present AMO-Bench, an Advanced Mathematical reasoning benchmark with Olympiad level or even higher difficulty, comprising 50 human-crafted problems. Existing benchmarks have widely leveraged high school math competitions for evaluating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Shengnan An , Xunliang Cai , Xuezhi Cao , Xiaoyu Li , Yehao Lin , Junlin Liu , Xinxuan Lv , Dan Ma , Xuanlin Wang , Ziwen Wang , Shuang Zhou

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) lifts the factuality of Large Language Models (LLMs) by injecting external knowledge, yet it falls short on problems that demand multi-step inference; conversely, purely reasoning-oriented approaches…

Due to recent advancements in Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) that demonstrate remarkable performance across a range of sound-, speech- and music-related tasks, there is a growing interest in proposing benchmarks to assess these models.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-12 Jingru Lin , Chen Zhang , Tianrui Wang , Haizhou Li

The rapid rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) has been accompanied by an equally rapid increase of benchmarks used to assess them. However, due to both improved model competence resulting from scaling and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 İbrahim Ethem Deveci , Duygu Ataman

Reward models (RMs) guide the alignment of large language models (LLMs), steering them toward behaviors preferred by humans. Evaluating RMs is the key to better aligning LLMs. However, the current evaluation of RMs may not directly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Enyu Zhou , Guodong Zheng , Binghai Wang , Zhiheng Xi , Shihan Dou , Rong Bao , Wei Shen , Limao Xiong , Jessica Fan , Yurong Mou , Rui Zheng , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are smart but forgetful. Recent studies, (e.g., (Bubeck et al., 2023)) on modern LLMs have shown that they are capable of performing amazing tasks typically necessitating human-level intelligence. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Eric Melz

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly rely on explicit reasoning to solve coding tasks, yet evaluating the quality of this reasoning remains challenging. Existing reasoning evaluators are not designed for coding, and current benchmarks…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yuangang Li , Justin Tian Jin Chen , Ethan Yu , David Hong , Iftekhar Ahmed

Recent reasoning-oriented LLMs have demonstrated strong performance on challenging tasks such as mathematics and science examinations. However, core cognitive faculties of human intelligence, such as abstract reasoning and generalization,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Chao Lei , Nir Lipovetzky , Krista A. Ehinger , Yanchuan Chang