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Modern language models have the capacity to store and use immense amounts of knowledge about real-world entities, but it remains unclear how to update such knowledge stored in model parameters. While prior methods for updating knowledge in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Shankar Padmanabhan , Yasumasa Onoe , Michael J. Q. Zhang , Greg Durrett , Eunsol Choi

The static knowledge representations of large language models (LLMs) inevitably become outdated or incorrect over time. While model-editing techniques offer a promising solution by modifying a model's factual associations, they often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Manit Baser , Alperen Yildiz , Dinil Mon Divakaran , Mohan Gurusamy

Large language model editing methods frequently suffer from overfitting, wherein factual updates can propagate beyond their intended scope, overemphasizing the edited target even when it's contextually inappropriate. To address this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Haitian Zhong , Yuhuan Liu , Ziyang Xu , Guofan Liu , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Zhe Zhao , Liang Wang , Tieniu Tan

Large Language Models (LLMs) store an extensive amount of factual knowledge obtained from vast collections of text. To effectively utilize these models for downstream tasks, it is crucial to have reliable methods for measuring their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Pouya Pezeshkpour

Large language models (LLMs) inevitably encode outdated or incorrect knowledge. Updating, deleting, and forgetting such knowledge is important for alignment, safety, and other issues. To address this issue, model editing has emerged as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Wei Liu , Haomei Xu , Bingqing Liu , Zhiying Deng , Haozhao Wang , Jun Wang , Ruixuan Li , Yee Whye Teh , Wee Sun Lee

Language models are becoming the default interface to factual knowledge, yet they often verify outputs more reliably than they generate them. This generation-verification gap (GV-gap) underlies many recent advances in self-improvement and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Tim R. Davidson , Anja Surina , Caglar Gulcehre

Dense retrievers and rerankers are central to retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) pipelines, where accurately retrieving factual information is crucial for maintaining system trustworthiness and defending against RAG poisoning. However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Haoyu Wu , Qingcheng Zeng , Kaize Ding

Knowledge editing aims to efficiently update Large Language Models (LLMs) by modifying specific knowledge without retraining the entire model. Among knowledge editing approaches, in-context editing (ICE) offers a lightweight solution by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Changyue Wang , Weihang Su , Qingyao Ai , Yujia Zhou , Yiqun Liu

Knowledge editing methods for large language models are commonly evaluated using predefined benchmarks that assess edited facts together with a limited set of related or neighboring knowledge. While effective, such evaluations remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Shuainan Liu , Xuanang Chen , Ben He , Le Sun

Model editing, the process of efficiently modifying factual knowledge in pre-trained language models, is critical for maintaining their accuracy and relevance. However, existing editing methods often introduce unintended side effects,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Tsung-Hsuan Pan , Chung-Chi Chen , Hen-Hsen Huang , Hsin-Hsi Chen

Previous studies have shown that large language models (LLMs) like GPTs store massive factual knowledge in their parameters. However, the stored knowledge could be false or out-dated. Traditional knowledge editing methods refine LLMs via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Ce Zheng , Lei Li , Qingxiu Dong , Yuxuan Fan , Zhiyong Wu , Jingjing Xu , Baobao Chang

The extensive utilization of large language models (LLMs) underscores the crucial necessity for precise and contemporary knowledge embedded within their intrinsic parameters. Existing research on knowledge editing primarily concentrates on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Zihao Wei , Jingcheng Deng , Liang Pang , Hanxing Ding , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

Large language models (LLMs) trained on vast corpora suffer from inevitable stereotype biases. Mitigating these biases with fine-tuning could be both costly and data-hungry. Model editing methods, which focus on modifying LLMs in a post-hoc…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Jianhao Yan , Futing Wang , Yafu Li , Yue Zhang

Knowledge editing aims to change language models' performance on several special cases (i.e., editing scope) by infusing the corresponding expected knowledge into them. With the recent advancements in large language models (LLMs), knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Jiaan Wang , Yunlong Liang , Zengkui Sun , Yuxuan Cao , Jiarong Xu , Fandong Meng

The knowledge within large language models (LLMs) may become outdated quickly. While in-context editing (ICE) is currently the most effective method for knowledge editing (KE), it is constrained by the black-box modeling of LLMs and thus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Baolong Bi , Shenghua Liu , Lingrui Mei , Yiwei Wang , Pengliang Ji , Xueqi Cheng

As real-world knowledge evolves, the information embedded within large language models (LLMs) can become outdated, inadequate, or erroneous. Model editing has emerged as a prominent approach for updating LLMs' knowledge with minimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Guoxiu He , Xin Song , Aixin Sun

Keeping large language models factually up-to-date is crucial for deployment, yet costly retraining remains a challenge. Knowledge editing offers a promising alternative, but methods are only tested on small-scale or synthetic edit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Lukas Thede , Karsten Roth , Matthias Bethge , Zeynep Akata , Tom Hartvigsen

Current approaches for fixing systematic problems in NLP models (e.g. regex patches, finetuning on more data) are either brittle, or labor-intensive and liable to shortcuts. In contrast, humans often provide corrections to each other…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Shikhar Murty , Christopher D. Manning , Scott Lundberg , Marco Tulio Ribeiro

To continuously improve quality and reflect changes in data, machine learning applications have to regularly retrain and update their core models. We show that a differential analysis of language model snapshots before and after an update…

Online misinformation remains a critical challenge, and fact-checkers increasingly rely on claim matching systems that use sentence embedding models to retrieve relevant fact-checks. However, as users interact with claims online, they often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Jabez Magomere , Emanuele La Malfa , Manuel Tonneau , Ashkan Kazemi , Scott Hale