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In sequential decision-making problems, Return-Conditioned Supervised Learning (RCSL) has gained increasing recognition for its simplicity and stability in modern decision-making tasks. Unlike traditional offline reinforcement learning (RL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Zhishuai Liu , Yu Yang , Ruhan Wang , Pan Xu , Dongruo Zhou

Improving the performance of pre-trained policies through online reinforcement learning (RL) is a critical yet challenging topic. Existing online RL fine-tuning methods require continued training with offline pretrained Q-functions for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Wei Xiao , Jiacheng Liu , Zifeng Zhuang , Runze Suo , Shangke Lyu , Donglin Wang

This paper prescribes a suite of techniques for off-policy Reinforcement Learning (RL) that simplify the training process and reduce the sample complexity. First, we show that simple Deterministic Policy Gradient works remarkably well as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Rasool Fakoor , Pratik Chaudhari , Alexander J. Smola

In this work, we consider policy-based methods for solving the reinforcement learning problem, and establish the sample complexity guarantees. A policy-based algorithm typically consists of an actor and a critic. We consider using various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Zaiwei Chen , Siva Theja Maguluri

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to optimize a policy by using pre-collected datasets, to maximize cumulative rewards. However, offline reinforcement learning suffers challenges due to the distributional shift between the learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Yunkai Gao , Jiaming Guo , Fan Wu , Rui Zhang

Scaling critic capacity is a promising direction for improving off-policy reinforcement learning (RL). However, recent work shows that larger critics are prone to overfitting and instability in replay-based bootstrapped training. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yuan Zhuang , Yuexin Bian , Sihong He , Jie Feng , Qing Su , Songyang Han , Jonathan Petit , Shihao Ji , Yuanyuan Shi , Fei Miao

We study the problem of safe offline reinforcement learning (RL), the goal is to learn a policy that maximizes long-term reward while satisfying safety constraints given only offline data, without further interaction with the environment.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Haoran Xu , Xianyuan Zhan , Xiangyu Zhu

Adversarial training is arguably the most popular way to provide empirical robustness against specific adversarial examples. While variants based on multi-step attacks incur significant computational overhead, single-step variants are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Alessandro De Palma , Serge Durand , Zakaria Chihani , François Terrier , Caterina Urban

We present a two-step hybrid reinforcement learning (RL) policy that is designed to generate interpretable and robust hierarchical policies on the RL problem with graph-based input. Unlike prior deep reinforcement learning policies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Tongzhou Mu , Kaixiang Lin , Feiyang Niu , Govind Thattai

Controlling the degree of stylization in the Neural Style Transfer (NST) is a little tricky since it usually needs hand-engineering on hyper-parameters. In this paper, we propose the first deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) based architecture…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Chengming Feng , Jing Hu , Xin Wang , Shu Hu , Bin Zhu , Xi Wu , Hongtu Zhu , Siwei Lyu

Policy learning (PL) is a module of a task-oriented dialogue system that trains an agent to make actions in each dialogue turn. Imitating human action is a fundamental problem of PL. However, both supervised learning (SL) and reinforcement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Zhoujian Sun , Chenyang Zhao , Zhengxing Huang , Nai Ding

Safe reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn policies that satisfy certain constraints before deploying them to safety-critical applications. Previous primal-dual style approaches suffer from instability issues and lack optimality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Zuxin Liu , Zhepeng Cen , Vladislav Isenbaev , Wei Liu , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Bo Li , Ding Zhao

In recent years, challenging control problems became solvable with deep reinforcement learning (RL). To be able to use RL for large-scale real-world applications, a certain degree of reliability in their performance is necessary. Reported…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Nirnai Rao , Elie Aljalbout , Axel Sauer , Sami Haddadin

The problem of constrained reinforcement learning (CRL) holds significant importance as it provides a framework for addressing critical safety satisfaction concerns in the field of reinforcement learning (RL). However, with the introduction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Chengbin Xuan , Feng Zhang , Faliang Yin , Hak-Keung Lam

In this work, we address the problem of determining reliable policies in reinforcement learning (RL), with a focus on optimization under uncertainty and the need for performance guarantees. While classical RL algorithms aim at maximizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Nadir Farhi

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown great promise with algorithms learning in environments with large state and action spaces purely from scalar reward signals. A crucial challenge for current deep RL algorithms is that they require a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Shivakanth Sujit , Pedro H. M. Braga , Jorg Bornschein , Samira Ebrahimi Kahou

Post-training, particularly reinforcement learning (RL) using self-play-generated data, has become a new learning paradigm for large language models (LLMs). However, scaling RL to develop a general reasoner remains a research challenge, as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Tianlong Wang , Junzhe Chen , Xueting Han , Jing Bai

Training on model-generated synthetic data is a promising approach for finetuning LLMs, but it remains unclear when it helps or hurts. In this paper, we investigate this question for math reasoning via an empirical study, followed by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Amrith Setlur , Saurabh Garg , Xinyang Geng , Naman Garg , Virginia Smith , Aviral Kumar

We establish a new connection between value and policy based reinforcement learning (RL) based on a relationship between softmax temporal value consistency and policy optimality under entropy regularization. Specifically, we show that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-27 Ofir Nachum , Mohammad Norouzi , Kelvin Xu , Dale Schuurmans

A reinforcement learning (RL) policy trained in a nominal environment could fail in a new/perturbed environment due to the existence of dynamic variations. Existing robust methods try to obtain a fixed policy for all envisioned dynamic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Yikun Cheng , Pan Zhao , Manan Gandhi , Bo Li , Evangelos Theodorou , Naira Hovakimyan
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