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Fair resource allocation is an important problem in many real-world scenarios, where resources such as goods and chores must be allocated among agents. In this survey, we delve into the intricacies of fair allocation, focusing specifically…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Shaily Mishra , Manisha Padala , Sujit Gujar

We study the problem of allocating indivisible resources under the connectivity constraints of a graph $G$. This model, initially introduced by Bouveret et al. (published in IJCAI, 2017), effectively encompasses a diverse array of scenarios…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Halvard Hummel , Ayumi Igarashi

In an online fair allocation problem, a sequence of indivisible items arrives online and needs to be allocated to offline agents immediately and irrevocably. In our paper, we study the online allocation of either goods or chores. We employ…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Yuanyuan Wang , Tianze Wei

We consider the problem of fairly allocating indivisible public goods. We model the public goods as elements with feasibility constraints on what subsets of elements can be chosen, and assume that agents have additive utilities across…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-10 Brandon Fain , Kamesh Munagala , Nisarg Shah

Fairness has emerged as an important consideration in algorithmic decision-making. Unfairness occurs when an agent with higher merit obtains a worse outcome than an agent with lower merit. Our central point is that a primary cause of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Ashudeep Singh , David Kempe , Thorsten Joachims

The notion of \emph{envy-freeness} is a natural and intuitive fairness requirement in resource allocation. With indivisible goods, such fair allocations are unfortunately not guaranteed to exist. Classical works have avoided this issue by…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Hiromichi Goko , Ayumi Igarashi , Yasushi Kawase , Kazuhisa Makino , Hanna Sumita , Akihisa Tamura , Yu Yokoi , Makoto Yokoo

We study fair and efficient allocation of divisible goods, in an online manner, among $n$ agents. The goods arrive online in a sequence of $T$ time periods. The agents' values for a good are revealed only after its arrival, and the online…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Siddharth Barman , Arindam Khan , Arnab Maiti

In standard fair division models, we assume that all agents are selfish. However, in many scenarios, division of resources has a direct impact on the whole group or even society. Therefore, we study fair allocations of indivisible items…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Argyris Deligkas , Eduard Eiben , Tiger-Lily Goldsmith , Dušan Knop , Šimon Schierreich

In fair division of indivisible goods, using sequences of sincere choices (or picking sequences) is a natural way to allocate the objects. The idea is as follows: at each stage, a designated agent picks one object among those that remain.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-08-01 Aurélie Beynier , Sylvain Bouveret , Michel Lemaître , Nicolas Maudet , Simon Rey

We study the problem of allocating indivisible goods among agents in a fair and economically efficient manner. In this context, the Nash social welfare-defined as the geometric mean of agents' valuations for their assigned bundles-stands as…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Siddharth Barman , Paritosh Verma

We study a general allocation setting where agent valuations are concave additive. In this model, a collection of items must be uniquely distributed among a set of agents, where each agent-item pair has a specified utility. The objective is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Nathaniel Kell , Kevin Sun

We consider the problem of allocating a set $I$ of $m$ indivisible resources (items) to a set $P$ of $n$ customers (players) competing for the resources. Each resource $j \in I$ has a same value $v_j > 0$ for a subset of customers…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-10-12 Kamyar Khodamoradi , Ramesh Krishnamurti , Arash Rafiey , Georgios Stamoulis

In this paper we study the problem of allocating a scarce resource among several players (or agents). A central decision maker wants to maximize the total utility of all agents. However, such a solution may be unfair for one or more agents…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-21 Gaia Nicosia , Andrea Pacifici , Ulrich Pferschy

Submodular maximization subject to matroid constraints is a central problem with many applications in machine learning. As algorithms are increasingly used in decision-making over datapoints with sensitive attributes such as gender or race,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Sepideh Mahabadi , Sherry Sarkar , Jakub Tarnawski

We study a resource allocation setting where $m$ discrete items are to be divided among $n$ agents with additive utilities, and the agents' utilities for individual items are drawn at random from a probability distribution. Since common…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Pasin Manurangsi , Warut Suksompong

Fairness in multi-agent systems (MAS) focuses on equitable reward distribution among agents in scenarios involving sensitive attributes such as race, gender, or socioeconomic status. This paper introduces fairness in Proximal Policy…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Gabriele La Malfa , Jie M. Zhang , Michael Luck , Elizabeth Black

We study the fair allocation of indivisible goods under cardinality constraints, where each agent must receive a bundle of fixed size. This models practical scenarios, such as assigning shifts or forming equally sized teams. Recently,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Alviona Mancho , Evangelos Markakis , Nicos Protopapas

Fair division has emerged as a very hot topic in multiagent systems, and envy-freeness is among the most compelling fairness concepts. An allocation of indivisible items to agents is envy-free if no agent prefers the bundle of any other…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Ioannis Caragiannis , Stavros Ioannidis

We study the problem of efficiently and fairly allocating a set of indivisible goods among agents with identical and additive valuations for the goods. The objective is to maximize the Nash social welfare, which is the geometric mean of the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Asei Inoue , Yusuke Kobayashi

In allocation problems, a given set of goods are assigned to agents in such a way that the social welfare is maximised, that is, the largest possible global worth is achieved. When goods are indivisible, it is possible to use money…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-09-14 Francesco Lupia , Angelo Mendicelli , Andrea Ribichini , Francesco Scarcello , Marco Schaerf