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Free-fermionic states, also known as matchgates or Gaussian states, are a fundamental class of quantum states due to their efficient classical simulability and their crucial role across various domains of Physics. With the advent of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Lennart Bittel , Antonio A. Mele , Jens Eisert , Lorenzo Leone

Gaussian states are widely regarded as one of the most relevant classes of continuous-variable (CV) quantum states, as they naturally arise in physical systems and play a key role in quantum technologies. This motivates a fundamental…

Gaussian states hold a fundamental place in quantum mechanics, quantum information, and quantum computing. Many subfields, including quantum simulation of continuous-variable systems, quantum chemistry, and quantum machine learning, rely on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Yichen Xie , Nadav Ben-Ami

We present a classical simulation method for fermionic quantum systems which, without loss of generality, can be represented by parity-preserving circuits made of two-qubit gates in a brick-wall structure. We map such circuits to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Carolin Wille , Sergii Strelchuk

We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for arbitrary multi--mode (pure or mixed) Gaussian states to be equivalent under Gaussian local unitary operations. To do so, we introduce a standard form for Gaussian states, which has the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-03 Géza Giedke , Barbara Kraus

Finding ways to quantify magic is an important problem in quantum information theory. Recently Leone, Oliviero and Hamma introduced a class of magic measures for qubits, the stabilizer entropies of order $\alpha$, to aid in studying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-31 Gianluca Cuffaro , Christopher A. Fuchs

Non-Gaussian bosonic states are ubiquitous in interacting light--matter systems, many-body platforms, and relativistic quantum field settings, but their quantitative characterization is hindered by the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Federico Centrone , Juan Pablo Paz , Augusto Roncaglia

Notions of nonstabilizerness, or "magic", quantify how non-classical quantum states are in a precise sense: states exhibiting low nonstabilizerness preclude quantum advantage. We introduce 'pseudomagic' ensembles of quantum states that,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-31 Andi Gu , Lorenzo Leone , Soumik Ghosh , Jens Eisert , Susanne Yelin , Yihui Quek

We introduce a general framework for the analysis of non-Gaussian entanglement in bosonic states of finite stellar rank. The central result is the full characterization of their entanglement structure through the atomic decomposition of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-05 Carlos E. Lopetegui-Gonzalez , Massimo Frigerio , Mattia Walschaers

In the realm of fault-tolerant quantum computing, stabilizer operations play a pivotal role, characterized by their remarkable efficiency in classical simulation. This efficiency sets them apart from non-stabilizer operations within the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-30 Chengkai Zhu , Zhiping Liu , Chenghong Zhu , Xin Wang

Simulating quantum algorithms on classical computers is challenging when the system size, i.e., the number of qubits used in the quantum algorithm, is moderately large. However, some quantum algorithms and the corresponding quantum circuits…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Linjian Ma , Chao Yang

We introduce a framework for simulating, on an $(n+1)$-qubit quantum computer, the action of a Gaussian Bosonic (GB) circuit on a state over $2^n$ modes. Specifically, we encode the initial bosonic state's expectation values over quadrature…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-24 Alice Barthe , M. Cerezo , Andrew T. Sornborger , Martin Larocca , Diego García-Martín

We present a geometric approach to the characterization of separability and entanglement in pure Gaussian states of an arbitrary number of modes. The analysis is performed adapting to continuous variables a formalism based on single…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-10-28 Gerardo Adesso , Salvatore M. Giampaolo , Fabrizio Illuminati

Entangled two-mode Gaussian states are a key resource for quantum information technologies such as teleportation, quantum cryptography and quantum computation, so quantification of Gaussian entanglement is an important problem. Entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-03 Spyros Tserkis , Timothy C. Ralph

Magic or non-stabilizerness is a resource for quantum computing that has been extensively studied in qudit networks. It describes the degree to which Clifford gates cannot generate a given state, capturing the advantage of quantum over…

Magic is a quantum resource essential for universal quantum computation and represents the deviation of quantum states from those that can be simulated efficiently using classical algorithms. Using the Stabilizer R\'enyi Entropy (SRE), we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-14 Qiaofeng Liu , Ian Low , Zhewei Yin

We employed the techniques from [Phys. Rev. A \textbf{70}, 052328 (2004)/arXiv:0406196] to analytically study two set of quantum circuits containing one $T$ gate/magic $|T\rangle = \frac{|0\rangle+\sqrt{i}|1\rangle}{\sqrt{2}}$ state. These…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 Kwok Ho Wan

To run large-scale algorithms on a quantum computer, error-correcting codes must be able to perform a fundamental set of operations, called logic gates, while isolating the encoded information from…

We study the fermionic non-Gaussianity in typical quantum states, focusing on Haar random states of qubits with or without a global $U(1)$ symmetry. Using the Weingarten calculus, we derive analytical predictions for the non-Gaussianity,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-20 Filiberto Ares , Sara Murciano , Pasquale Calabrese

Magic states and magic gates are crucial for achieving universal quantum computation, but important questions about how magic resources should be implemented to attain maximal quantum advantage have remained unexplored, especially in the…

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