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Automatic evaluation is an integral aspect of dialogue system research. The traditional reference-based NLG metrics are generally found to be unsuitable for dialogue assessment. Consequently, recent studies have suggested various unique,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Chen Zhang , Luis Fernando D'Haro , Yiming Chen , Malu Zhang , Haizhou Li

In psycholinguistics, the creation of controlled materials is crucial to ensure that research outcomes are solely attributed to the intended manipulations and not influenced by extraneous factors. To achieve this, psycholinguists typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Samuel Joseph Amouyal , Aya Meltzer-Asscher , Jonathan Berant

Logical reasoning consistently plays a fundamental and significant role in the domains of knowledge engineering and artificial intelligence. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a noteworthy innovation in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Fangzhi Xu , Qika Lin , Jiawei Han , Tianzhe Zhao , Jun Liu , Erik Cambria

The widespread integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various sectors has highlighted the need for empirical research to understand their biases, thought patterns, and societal implications to ensure ethical and effective use.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Manari Hirose , Masato Uchida

Metacognition--the capacity to monitor and evaluate one's own knowledge and performance--is foundational to human decision-making, learning, and communication. As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly embedded in both high-stakes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Mark Steyvers , Megan A. K. Peters

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as dominant foundational models in modern NLP. However, the understanding of their prediction processes and internal mechanisms, such as feed-forward networks (FFN) and multi-head self-attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Xintong Wang , Xiaoyu Li , Xingshan Li , Chris Biemann

Large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-3 and GPT-4, have demonstrated exceptional performance in various natural language processing tasks and have shown the ability to solve certain reasoning problems. However, their reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Adam Ishay , Zhun Yang , Joohyung Lee

This paper investigates the utilization of Large Language Models (LLMs) for solving complex linguistic puzzles, a domain requiring advanced reasoning and adept translation capabilities akin to human cognitive processes. We explore specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Zheng-Lin Lin , Yu-Fei Shih , Shu-Kai Hsieh

What makes large language models (LLMs) impressive is also what makes them hard to evaluate: their diversity of uses. To evaluate these models, we must understand the purposes they will be used for. We consider a setting where these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Keyon Vafa , Ashesh Rambachan , Sendhil Mullainathan

Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development (PTC) posits that the development of cognitive levels forms the foundation for human learning across various abilities. As Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown remarkable abilities across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Xinglin Wang , Peiwen Yuan , Shaoxiong Feng , Yiwei Li , Boyuan Pan , Heda Wang , Yao Hu , Kan Li

Introduction: Large language models (LLMs) can process requests and generate texts, but their feasibility for assessing complex academic content needs further investigation. To explore LLM's potential in assisting scientific review, this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yinuo Liu , Emre Sezgin , Eric A. Youngstrom

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly explored for educational tasks such as grading, yet their alignment with human evaluation in real classrooms remains underexamined. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of using an LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Grace Byun , Swati Rajwal , Jinho D. Choi

Recently, there has been a growing trend of utilizing Large Language Model (LLM) to evaluate the quality of other LLMs. Many studies have fine-tuned judge models based on open-source LLMs for evaluation. While the fine-tuned judge models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Hui Huang , Xingyuan Bu , Hongli Zhou , Yingqi Qu , Jing Liu , Muyun Yang , Bing Xu , Tiejun Zhao

This paper investigates the ontological characterization of Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT. Between inflationary and deflationary accounts, we pay special attention to their status as agents. This requires explaining in detail…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Xabier E. Barandiaran , Lola S. Almendros

The integration of Artificial Intelligence(AI) into the legal profession raises significant questions about the capacity of Large Language Models(LLM) to perform key legal tasks. In this paper, I empirically evaluate how well LLMs, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Rahul Hemrajani

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently showcased their remarkable capacities, not only in natural language processing tasks but also across diverse domains such as clinical medicine, legal consultation, and education. LLMs become more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Jen-tse Huang , Wenxuan Wang , Eric John Li , Man Ho Lam , Shujie Ren , Youliang Yuan , Wenxiang Jiao , Zhaopeng Tu , Michael R. Lyu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been touted as AI models possessing advanced reasoning abilities. However, recent works have shown that LLMs often bypass true reasoning using shortcuts, sparking skepticism. To study the reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Rishi Hazra , Gabriele Venturato , Pedro Zuidberg Dos Martires , Luc De Raedt

We examine whether large language models (LLMs) can predict biased decision-making in conversational settings, and whether their predictions capture not only human cognitive biases but also how those effects change under cognitive load. In…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Stephen Pilli , Vivek Nallur

This comprehensive review explores the intersection of Large Language Models (LLMs) and cognitive science, examining similarities and differences between LLMs and human cognitive processes. We analyze methods for evaluating LLMs cognitive…

This study explores the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically GPT-4, to enhance objectivity in organizational task performance evaluations. Through comparative analyses across two studies, including various task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Ning Li , Huaikang Zhou , Mingze Xu