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How to integrate an emerging and all-pervasive technology such as AI into the structures and operations of our society is a question of contemporary politics, science and public debate. It has produced a considerable amount of international…
Decisions made by various Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems greatly influence our day-to-day lives. With the increasing use of AI systems, it becomes crucial to know that they are fair, identify the underlying biases in their…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds great promise for transforming healthcare, particularly in disease diagnosis, prognosis, and patient care. The increasing availability of digital medical data, such as images, omics, biosignals, and…
The adoption of human oversight measures makes it possible to regulate, to varying degrees and in different ways, the decision-making process of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, for example by placing a human being in charge of…
Algorithms are becoming more widely used in business, and businesses are becoming increasingly concerned that their algorithms will cause significant reputational or financial damage. We should emphasize that any of these damages stem from…
Sociotechnical requirements shape the governance of artificially intelligent (AI) systems. In an era where embodied AI technologies are rapidly reshaping various facets of contemporary society, their inherent dynamic adaptability presents a…
Auditability is defined as the capacity of AI systems to be independently assessed for compliance with ethical, legal, and technical standards throughout their lifecycle. The chapter explores how auditability is being formalized through…
It is expected that in the near future, AI software development assistants will play an important role in the software industry. However, current software development assistants tend to be unreliable, often producing incorrect, unsafe, or…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being adopted across the world and promises a new revolution in healthcare. While AI-enabled medical devices in North America dominate 42.3% of the global market, the use of AI-enabled medical devices in…
The rapid advancement of General Purpose AI (GPAI) models necessitates robust evaluation frameworks, especially with emerging regulations like the EU AI Act and its associated Code of Practice (CoP). Current AI evaluation practices depend…
The era of AI regulation (AIR) is upon us. But AI systems, we argue, will not be able to comply with these regulations at the necessary speed and scale by continuing to rely on traditional, analogue methods of compliance. Instead, we posit…
There is general agreement that some form of regulation is necessary both for AI creators to be incentivised to develop trustworthy systems, and for users to actually trust those systems. But there is much debate about what form these…
The widespread adoption of AI-assisted development in scientific software is not a future concern -- it is a present reality. Researchers are already using large language models to write code, generate test cases, and draft documentation,…
The utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) applications has experienced tremendous growth in recent years, bringing forth numerous benefits and conveniences. However, this expansion has also provoked ethical concerns, such as privacy…
Human oversight requirements are a core component of the European AI Act and in AI governance. In this paper, we highlight key challenges in testing for compliance with these requirements. A central difficulty lies in balancing simple, but…
Thanks to the great progress of machine learning in the last years, several Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques have been increasingly moving from the controlled research laboratory settings to our everyday life. AI is clearly…
Today, many systems use artificial intelligence (AI) to solve complex problems. While this often increases system effectiveness, developing a production-ready AI-based system is a difficult task. Thus, solid AI engineering practices are…
AI systems face a growing number of AI security threats that are increasingly exploited in the real world. Hence, shared AI incident reporting practices are emerging in industry as best practice and as mandated by regulatory requirements.…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made remarkable progress in the past few years with AI-enabled applications beginning to permeate every aspect of our society. Despite the widespread consensus on the need to regulate AI, there remains a…
Objectives: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare promises to revolutionize patient care, diagnostics, and treatment protocols. Collaborative efforts among healthcare systems, research institutions, and industry are…