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Cheating in online exams has become a prevalent issue over the past decade, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. To address this issue of academic dishonesty, our "Exam Monitoring System: Detecting Abnormal Behavior in Online…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Dinh An Ngo , Thanh Dat Nguyen , Thi Le Chi Dang , Huy Hoan Le , Ton Bao Ho , Vo Thanh Khang Nguyen , Truong Thanh Hung Nguyen

Academic integrity continues to face the persistent challenge of examination cheating. Traditional invigilation relies on human observation, which is inefficient, costly, and prone to errors at scale. Although some existing AI-powered…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Van-Truong Le , Le-Khanh Nguyen , Trong-Doanh Nguyen

With rapidly increasing deployment of surveillance cameras, the reliable methods for automatically analyzing the surveillance video and recognizing special events are demanded by different practical applications. This paper proposes a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-29 Michael Ying Yang , Wentong Liao , Chun Yang , Yanpeng Cao , Bodo Rosenhahn

This study addresses the current issues in online assessments, which are particularly relevant during the Covid-19 pandemic. Our focus is on academic dishonesty associated with online assessments. We investigated the prevalence of potential…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Leslie Ching Ow Tiong , HeeJeong Jasmine Lee

Online proctoring has become a necessity in online teaching. Video-based crowd-sourced online proctoring solutions are being used, where an exam-taking student's video is monitored by third parties, leading to privacy concerns. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Waheeb Yaqub , Manoranjan Mohanty , Basem Suleiman

Online exams conducted via video conferencing platforms such as Zoom have become widespread, yet ensuring exam integrity remains challenging due to the difficulty of monitoring multiple video feeds in real time. We present iExam, an online…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Xu Yang , Juantao Zhong , Daoyuan Wu , Xiao Yi , Jimmy H. M. Lee , Tan Lee , Peng Han

The spread of the Coronavirus disease-2019 epidemic has caused many courses and exams to be conducted online. The cheating behavior detection model in examination invigilation systems plays a pivotal role in guaranteeing the equality of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Yemeng Liu , Jing Ren , Jianshuo Xu , Xiaomei Bai , Roopdeep Kaur , Feng Xia

For high-stakes online exams, it is important to detect potential rule violations to ensure the security of the test. In this study, we investigate the task of detecting whether test takers are looking away from the screen, as such behavior…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Yong-Siang Shih , Zach Zhao , Chenhao Niu , Bruce Iberg , James Sharpnack , Mirza Basim Baig

Online exams have become widely used to evaluate students' performance in mastering knowledge in recent years, especially during the pandemic of COVID-19. However, it is challenging to conduct proctoring for online exams due to the lack of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Haotian Li , Min Xu , Yong Wang , Huan Wei , Huamin Qu

Suspicious behavior is likely to threaten security, assets, life, or freedom. This behavior has no particular pattern, which complicates the tasks to detect it and define it. Even for human observers, it is complex to spot suspicious…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Guillermo A. Martínez-Mascorro , José C. Ortiz-Bayliss , Hugo Terashima-Marín

The cybersecurity breaches render surveillance systems vulnerable to video forgery attacks, under which authentic live video streams are tampered to conceal illegal human activities under surveillance cameras. Traditional video forensics…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-13 Yong Huang , Xiang Li , Wei Wang , Tao Jiang , Qian Zhang

Human actions that do not conform to usual behavior are considered as anomalous and such actors are called anomalous entities. Detection of anomalous entities using visual data is a challenging problem in computer vision. This paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Hamza Riaz , Muhammad Uzair , Habib Ullah

With the recent prevalence of remote education, academic assessments are often conducted online, leading to further concerns surrounding assessment misconducts. This paper investigates the potentials of online assessment misconduct…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Leslie Ching Ow Tiong , HeeJeong Jasmine Lee , Kai Li Lim

Crime generates significant losses, both human and economic. Every year, billions of dollars are lost due to attacks, crimes, and scams. Surveillance video camera networks are generating vast amounts of data, and the surveillance staff can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Guillermo A. Martínez-Mascorro , José R. Abreu-Pederzini , José C. Ortiz-Bayliss , Hugo Terashima-Marín

Online proctoring systems (OPS) are technologies and services that are used to monitor students during an online exam to deter cheating. However, OPS often violates student privacy by implementing overly intrusive surveillance to which…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Monika Blue Kwapisz , Yoav Ackerman , Jennifer Nguyen , Prashanth Rajivan

The burgeoning of online education has created an urgent need for robust and scalable systems to ensure academic integrity during remote examinations. Traditional human proctoring is often not feasible at scale, while existing automated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Aryan Kashyap Naveen

Remote examination and job interviews have gained popularity and become indispensable because of both pandemics and the advantage of remote working circumstances. Most companies and academic institutions utilize these systems for their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Azmi Can Özgen , Mahiye Uluyağmur Öztürk , Umut Bayraktar

Movement disorder diagnosis often relies on expert evaluation of patient videos, but sharing these videos poses privacy risks. Current methods for de-identifying videos, such as blurring faces, are often manual, inconsistent, or inaccurate.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Rishabh Bajpai , Bhooma Aravamuthan

The widespread availability of video recording through smartphones and digital devices has made video-based evidence more accessible than ever. Surveillance footage plays a crucial role in security, law enforcement, and judicial processes.…

The cybersecurity breaches expose surveillance video streams to forgery attacks, under which authentic streams are falsified to hide unauthorized activities. Traditional video forensics approaches can localize forgery traces using…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Yong Huang , Xiang Li , Wei Wang , Tao Jiang , Qian Zhang
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