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This paper introduces a novel information-theoretic perspective on the relationship between prominent group fairness notions in machine learning, namely statistical parity, equalized odds, and predictive parity. It is well known that…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Faisal Hamman , Sanghamitra Dutta

With the emerging application of Federated Learning (FL) in finance, hiring and healthcare, FL models are regulated to be fair, preventing disparities with respect to legally protected attributes such as race or gender. Two concepts of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Yuying Duan , Gelei Xu , Yiyu Shi , Michael Lemmon

Federated learning (FL) algorithms commonly aim to maximize clients' accuracy by training a model on their collective data. However, in several FL applications, the model's decisions should meet a group fairness constraint to be independent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Haoyu Lei , Shizhan Gong , Qi Dou , Farzan Farnia

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a prospective solution for collaboratively learning a shared model across clients without sacrificing their data privacy. However, the federated learned model tends to be biased against certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Syed Irfan Ali Meerza , Luyang Liu , Jiaxin Zhang , Jian Liu

Federated Learning (FL) is a rising approach towards collaborative and privacy-preserving machine learning where large-scale medical datasets remain localized to each client. However, the issue of data heterogeneity among clients often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Shuang Zeng , Pengxin Guo , Shuai Wang , Jianbo Wang , Yuyin Zhou , Liangqiong Qu

The issue of group fairness in machine learning models, where certain sub-populations or groups are favored over others, has been recognized for some time. While many mitigation strategies have been proposed in centralized learning, many of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Ganghua Wang , Ali Payani , Myungjin Lee , Ramana Kompella

At the intersection of the cutting-edge technologies and privacy concerns, Federated Learning (FL) with its distributed architecture, stands at the forefront in a bid to facilitate collaborative model training across multiple clients while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Noorain Mukhtiar , Adnan Mahmood , Quan Z. Sheng

Achieving fairness across diverse clients in Federated Learning (FL) remains a significant challenge due to the heterogeneity of the data and the inaccessibility of sensitive attributes from clients' private datasets. This study addresses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Disha Makhija , Xing Han , Joydeep Ghosh , Yejin Kim

Federated learning (FL) has gain growing interests for its capability of learning from distributed data sources collectively without the need of accessing the raw data samples across different sources. So far FL research has mostly focused…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Sen Cui , Weishen Pan , Jian Liang , Changshui Zhang , Fei Wang

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging machine learning paradigm designed to address the challenge of data silos, attracting considerable attention. However, FL encounters persistent issues related to fairness and data privacy. To tackle…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Xinpeng Ling , Jie Fu , Kuncan Wang , Huifa Li , Tong Cheng , Zhili Chen

Algorithmic fairness has become a central concern in computational decision-making systems, where ensuring equitable outcomes is essential for both ethical and legal reasons. Two dominant notions of fairness have emerged in the literature:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Sandra Benítez-Peña , Blas Kolic , Victoria Menendez , Belén Pulido

Group fairness in machine learning is an important area of research focused on achieving equitable outcomes across different groups defined by sensitive attributes such as race or gender. Federated Learning, a decentralized approach to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Teresa Salazar , Helder Araújo , Alberto Cano , Pedro Henriques Abreu

Training ML models which are fair across different demographic groups is of critical importance due to the increased integration of ML in crucial decision-making scenarios such as healthcare and recruitment. Federated learning has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Yahya H. Ezzeldin , Shen Yan , Chaoyang He , Emilio Ferrara , Salman Avestimehr

With the increasingly broad deployment of federated learning (FL) systems in the real world, it is critical but challenging to ensure fairness in FL, i.e. reasonably satisfactory performances for each of the numerous diverse clients. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Guojun Zhang , Saber Malekmohammadi , Xi Chen , Yaoliang Yu

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a vital paradigm in modern machine learning that enables collaborative training across decentralized data sources without exchanging raw data. This approach not only addresses privacy concerns but also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Zahra Kharaghani , Ali Dadras , Tommy Löfstedt

Federated Learning (FL) has gained significant attention as it facilitates collaborative machine learning among multiple clients without centralizing their data on a server. FL ensures the privacy of participating clients by locally storing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Huiqiang Chen , Tianqing Zhu , Wanlei Zhou , Wei Zhao

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative training while preserving privacy, yet it introduces a critical challenge: the "illusion of fairness''. A global model, usually evaluated on the server, appears fair on average while keeping…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xenia Heilmann , Luca Corbucci , Mattia Cerrato , Anna Monreale

Recent advances in Federated Learning (FL) have brought large-scale collaborative machine learning opportunities for massively distributed clients with performance and data privacy guarantees. However, most current works focus on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Yuxin Shi , Han Yu , Cyril Leung

Federated Learning is emerging as a privacy-preserving model training approach in distributed edge applications. As such, most edge deployments are heterogeneous in nature i.e., their sensing capabilities and environments vary across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Khotso Selialia , Yasra Chandio , Fatima M. Anwar

The framework of Partial Information Decomposition (PID) unveils complex nonlinear interactions in network systems by dissecting the mutual information (MI) between a target variable and several source variables. While PID measures have…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2024-09-23 Chiara Barà , Yuri Antonacci , Marta Iovino , Ivan Lazic , Luca Faes
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