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Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) provide a promising approach to achieve quantum advantage in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era. In this era, quantum computers experience high error rates and quantum error detection and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Salonik Resch , Anthony Gutierrez , Joon Suk Huh , Srikant Bharadwaj , Yasuko Eckert , Gabriel Loh , Mark Oskin , Swamit Tannu

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is essential for the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era, and will remain relevant for early fault-tolerant quantum computers, where logical error rates are still significant. However, most QEM methods incur…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Pablo Díez-Valle , Gaurav Saxena , Jack S. Baker , Jun-Ho Lee , Thi Ha Kyaw

A recently proposed variational quantum algorithm has expanded the horizon of variational quantum computing to nonlinear physics and fluid dynamics. In this work, we probe the ability of such approaches to capture the ground state of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Muhammad Umer , Eleftherios Mastorakis , Sofia Evangelou , Dimitris G. Angelakis

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are promising methods to demonstrate quantum advantage on near-term devices as the required resources are divided between a quantum simulator and a classical optimizer. As such, designing a VQA which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-20 Yuhan Huang , Qingyu Li , Xiaokai Hou , Rebing Wu , Man-Hong Yung , Abolfazl Bayat , Xiaoting Wang

Quantum computing technology has the potential to revolutionize the simulation of materials and molecules in the near future. A primary challenge in achieving near-term quantum advantage is effectively mitigating the noise effects inherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-17 Tao Jiang , John Rogers , Marius S. Frank , Ove Christiansen , Yong-Xin Yao , Nicola Lanatà

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are a class of hybrid quantum-classical algorithms that leverage on classical optimization tools to find the optimal parameters for a parameterized quantum circuit. One relevant application of VQAs is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-26 Mirko Legnini , Julian Berberich

Characterizing and mitigating errors in current noisy intermediate-scale devices is important to improve performance of next generations of quantum hardware. In order to investigate the importance of the different noise mechanisms affecting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-14 Gabriele Cenedese , Giuliano Benenti , Maria Bondani

Zero noise extrapolation (ZNE) is a widely used technique for gate error mitigation on near term quantum computers because it can be implemented in software and does not require knowledge of the quantum computer noise parameters.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-03 Vincent R. Pascuzzi , Andre He , Christian W. Bauer , Wibe A. de Jong , Benjamin Nachman

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are expected to be a path to quantum advantages on noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. However, both empirical and theoretical results exhibit that the deployed ansatz heavily affects the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-31 Yuxuan Du , Tao Huang , Shan You , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Dacheng Tao

Quantum Volume is a full-stack benchmark for near-term quantum computers. It quantifies the largest size of a square circuit which can be executed on the target device with reasonable fidelity. Error mitigation is a set of techniques…

Error mitigation techniques are crucial to achieving near-term quantum advantage. Classical post-processing of quantum computation outcomes is a popular approach for error mitigation, which includes methods such as Zero Noise Extrapolation,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Maksym Prodius , Piotr Czarnik , Michael McKerns , Andrew T. Sornborger , Lukasz Cincio

Quantum computers are inherently affected by noise. While in the long-term error correction codes will account for noise at the cost of increasing physical qubits, in the near-term the performance of any quantum algorithm should be tested…

We propose a general framework for quantum error mitigation that combines and generalizes two techniques: probabilistic error cancellation (PEC) and zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE). Similarly to PEC, the proposed method represents ideal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-15 Andrea Mari , Nathan Shammah , William J. Zeng

With gate error rates in multiple technologies now below the threshold required for fault-tolerant quantum computation, the major remaining obstacle to useful quantum computation is scaling, a challenge greatly amplified by the huge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-09 Kianna Wan , Soonwon Choi , Isaac H. Kim , Noah Shutty , Patrick Hayden

Variational quantum algorithms have been one of the most intensively studied applications for near-term quantum computing applications. The noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) regime, where small enough algorithms can be run…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-19 Sebastian Brandhofer , Simon Devitt , Ilia Polian

Zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE) is an increasingly popular technique for mitigating errors in noisy quantum computations without using additional quantum resources. We review the fundamentals of ZNE and propose several improvements to noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-15 Tudor Giurgica-Tiron , Yousef Hindy , Ryan LaRose , Andrea Mari , William J. Zeng

Noise is both ubiquitous and generally deleterious in settings where precision is required. This is especially true in the quantum technology sector where system utility typically decays rapidly under its influence. Understanding the noise…

Quantum error mitigation techniques can reduce noise on current quantum hardware without the need for fault-tolerant quantum error correction. For instance, the quasiprobability method simulates a noise-free quantum computer using a noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-01 Christophe Piveteau , David Sutter , Stefan Woerner

As quantum circuits become more integrated and complex, additional error sources that were previously insignificant start to emerge. Consequently, the fidelity of quantum gates benchmarked under pristine conditions falls short of predicting…

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) and quantum error correction (QEC) are two research areas that are often considered as distinct entities, and the problem of combining the two approaches in a non-trivial way has only recently started to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 George Umbrarescu , Oscar Higgott , Dan E. Browne