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Information retrieval systems, such as online marketplaces, news feeds, and search engines, are ubiquitous in today's digital society. They facilitate information discovery by ranking retrieved items on predicted relevance, i.e. likelihood…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-05-16 Rina Friedberg , Karthik Rajkumar , Jialiang Mao , Qian Yao , YinYin Yu , Min Liu

Recommender systems play an important role in many content platforms. While most recommendation research is dedicated to designing better models to improve user experience, we found that research on stabilizing the training for such models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Jiaxi Tang , Yoel Drori , Daryl Chang , Maheswaran Sathiamoorthy , Justin Gilmer , Li Wei , Xinyang Yi , Lichan Hong , Ed H. Chi

Text reranking models are a crucial component in modern systems like Retrieval-Augmented Generation, tasked with selecting the most relevant documents prior to generation. However, current Large Language Models (LLMs) powered rerankers…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yuzheng Cai , Yanzhao Zhang , Dingkun Long , Mingxin Li , Pengjun Xie , Weiguo Zheng

Conventional recommendation systems (RSs) are typically optimized to enhance performance metrics uniformly across all training samples. This makes it hard for data-driven RSs to cater to a diverse set of users due to the varying properties…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Kirandeep Kaur , Chirag Shah

Building a search relevance model that achieves both low latency and high performance is a long-standing challenge in the search industry. To satisfy the millisecond-level response requirements of online systems while retaining the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Shijie Zhang , Xiang Guo , Rujun Guo , Shaoyu Liu , Xiaozhao Wang , Guanjun Jiang , Kevin Zhang

In online advertising, advertising text plays a critical role in attracting user engagement and driving advertiser value. Existing industrial systems typically follow a two-stage paradigm, where candidate texts are first generated and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Jinfang Wang , Jiajie Liu , Jianwei Wu , Ziqin Luo , Zhen Chen , Chunlei Li , Biao Han , Tao Deng , Yi Li , Shuanglong Li , Lin Liu

Large recommendation models (LRMs) are fundamental to the multi-billion dollar online advertising industry, processing massive datasets of hundreds of billions of examples before transitioning to continuous online training to adapt to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Kshitij Jain , Jingru Xie , Kevin Regan , Cheng Chen , Jie Han , Steve Li , Zhuoshu Li , Todd Phillips , Myles Sussman , Matt Troup , Angel Yu , Jia Zhuo

Large-scale retrieval systems are often implemented as a cascading sequence of phases -- a first filtering step, in which a large set of candidate documents are extracted using a simple technique such as Boolean matching and/or static…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2015-06-03 Charles L. A. Clarke , J. Shane Culpepper , Alistair Moffat

Pairwise human-preference platforms such as Chatbot Arena have become central to large language model (LLM) evaluation, yet reliable task-specific ranking remains challenging. Global leaderboards mask task heterogeneity, while ranking each…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-29 Jiachun Li , David Simchi-Levi , Will Wei Sun

Crowdsourcing can be used to determine a total order for an object set (e.g., the top-10 NBA players) based on crowd opinions. This ranking problem is often decomposed into a set of microtasks (e.g., pairwise comparisons). These microtasks…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Caihua Shan , Leong Hou U , Nikos Mamoulis , Reynold Cheng , Xiang Li

As a key stage of Recommender Systems (RSs), Multi-Task Fusion (MTF) is responsible for merging multiple scores output by Multi-Task Learning (MTL) into a single score, finally determining the recommendation results. Recently, Reinforcement…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Peng Liu , Cong Xu , Jiawei Zhu , Ming Zhao , Bin Wang

Online learning is the cornerstone of applications like recommendation and advertising systems, where models continuously adapt to shifting data distributions. Model training for such systems is remarkably expensive, a cost that multiplies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Berivan Isik , Matthew Fahrbach , Dima Kuzmin , Nicolas Mayoraz , Emil Praun , Steffen Rendle , Raghavendra Vasudeva

Ranking, recommendation, and retrieval systems are widely used in online platforms and other societal systems, including e-commerce, media-streaming, admissions, gig platforms, and hiring. In the recent past, a large "fair ranking" research…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Gourab K Patro , Lorenzo Porcaro , Laura Mitchell , Qiuyue Zhang , Meike Zehlike , Nikhil Garg

Modern recommender systems face significant computational challenges due to growing model complexity and traffic scale, making efficient computation allocation critical for maximizing business revenue. Existing approaches typically simplify…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Wan Jiang , Xinyi Zang , Yudong Zhao , Yusi Zou , Yunfei Lu , Junbo Tong , Yang Liu , Ming Li , Jiani Shi , Xin Yang

Recommender systems serve as foundational infrastructure in modern information ecosystems, helping users navigate digital content and discover items aligned with their preferences. At their core, recommender systems address a fundamental…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Min Hou , Le Wu , Yuxin Liao , Yonghui Yang , Zhen Zhang , Yu Wang , Changlong Zheng , Han Wu , Richang Hong

The effectiveness of recommendation systems is pivotal to user engagement and satisfaction in online platforms. As these recommendation systems increasingly influence user choices, their evaluation transcends mere technical performance and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Aryan Jadon , Avinash Patil

Similar question retrieval is a core task in community-based question answering (CQA) services. To balance the effectiveness and efficiency, the question retrieval system is typically implemented as multi-stage rankers: The first-stage…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Yinqiong Cai , Yixing Fan , Jiafeng Guo , Ruqing Zhang , Yanyan Lan , Xueqi Cheng

Multi-task representation learning (MTRL) is an approach that learns shared latent representations across related tasks, facilitating collaborative learning that improves the overall learning efficiency. This paper studies MTRL for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yaoze Guo , Shana Moothedath

To increase brand awareness, many advertisers conclude contracts with advertising platforms to purchase traffic and then deliver advertisements to target audiences. In a whole delivery period, advertisers usually desire a certain impression…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Penghui Wei , Yongqiang Chen , Shaoguo Liu , Liang Wang , Bo Zheng

Ranking models play a crucial role in enhancing overall accuracy of text retrieval systems. These multi-stage systems typically utilize either dense embedding models or sparse lexical indices to retrieve relevant passages based on a given…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Gabriel de Souza P. Moreira , Ronay Ak , Benedikt Schifferer , Mengyao Xu , Radek Osmulski , Even Oldridge