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Partial information decomposition (PID) of the multivariate mutual information describes the distinct ways in which a set of source variables contains information about a target variable. The groundbreaking work of Williams and Beer has…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Abdullah Makkeh , Aaron J. Gutknecht , Michael Wibral

Learning invariant graph representations for out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization remains challenging because the learned representations often retain spurious components. To address this challenge, this work introduces a new tool from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Barproda Halder , Pasan Dissanayake , Sanghamitra Dutta

In many neural systems anatomical motifs are present repeatedly, but despite their structural similarity they can serve very different tasks. A prime example for such a motif is the canonical microcircuit of six-layered neo-cortex, which is…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2015-10-07 Michael Wibral , Viola Priesemann , Jim W. Kay , Joseph T. Lizier , William A. Phillips

The numerical approximation of partial differential equations (PDEs) using neural networks has seen significant advancements through Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs). Despite their straightforward optimization framework and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Namgyu Kang , Jaemin Oh , Youngjoon Hong , Eunbyung Park

Text-to-image generation and image captioning are recently emerged as a new experimental paradigm to assess machine intelligence. They predict continuous quantity accompanied by their sampling techniques in the generation, making evaluation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Jin-Hwa Kim , Yunji Kim , Jiyoung Lee , Kang Min Yoo , Sang-Woo Lee

Obtaining meaningful quantitative descriptions of the statistical dependence within multivariate systems is a difficult open problem. Recently, the Partial Information Decomposition (PID) was proposed to decompose mutual information (MI)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Robin A. A. Ince

We consider the "partial information decomposition" (PID) problem, which aims to decompose the information that a set of source random variables provide about a target random variable into separate redundant, synergistic, union, and unique…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Artemy Kolchinsky

The Partial Information Decomposition (PID) takes one step beyond Shannon's theory in decomposing the information two variables $A,B$ possess about a third variable $T$ into distinct parts: unique, shared (or redundant) and synergistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 S. J. van Enk

Partial Information Decomposition (PID) has become one of the most prominent information-theoretic frameworks for describing the structure and quality of information in complex systems. Despite its widespread utility, there exists no unique…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Alberto Liardi , Keenan J. A. Down , George Blackburne , Matteo Neri , Pedro A. M. Mediano

Analyzing causality in multivariate systems involves establishing how information is generated, distributed and combined. Traditional causal discovery frameworks are capable of multivariate reasoning but their intrinsic pairwise graph…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Sung En Chiang , Zhaolu Liu , Robert L. Peach , Mauricio Barahona

A central challenge in analyzing multivariate interactions within complex systems is to decompose how multiple inputs jointly determine an output. Existing approaches generally operate on observed probability distributions and can conflate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Clifford Bohm , Vincent R. Ragusa , Arend Hintze , Charles Ofria , Emily Dolson , Christoph Adami

Partial Information Decomposition (PID) seeks to disentangle how information about a target variable is distributed across multiple sources, separating redundant, unique, and synergistic contributions. Despite extensive theoretical…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Philip Hendrik Matthias , Abdullah Makkeh , Michael Wibral , Aaron J. Gutknecht

Partial information decomposition (PID) partitions the information that a set of sources has about a target variable into synergistic, unique, and redundant contributions. This information-theoretic tool has recently attracted attention due…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Abdullah Makkeh , Dirk Oliver Theis , Raul Vicente

Causality is a central topic in scientific inquiry, yet for complex systems, the identification and analysis of synergistic causation remain a challenging and fundamental problem. In the context of causal relations among multivariate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-06 Mingzhe Yang , Shuo Wang , Jiang Zhang

Partial information decomposition (PID) seeks to decompose the multivariate mutual information that a set of source variables contains about a target variable into basic pieces, the so called "atoms of information". Each atom describes a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Aaron J. Gutknecht , Michael Wibral , Abdullah Makkeh

The problem of how to properly quantify redundant information is an open question that has been the subject of much recent research. Redundant information refers to information about a target variable S that is common to two or more…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-07-14 Robin A. A. Ince

The partial information decomposition (PID) is perhaps the leading proposal for resolving information shared between a set of sources and a target into redundant, synergistic, and unique constituents. Unfortunately, the PID framework has…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-10-30 Ryan G. James , Jeffrey Emenheiser , James P. Crutchfield

The partial information decomposition (PID) framework is concerned with decomposing the information that a set of random variables has with respect to a target variable into three types of components: redundant, synergistic, and unique.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-28 André F. C. Gomes , Mário A. T. Figueiredo

Efficient information processing is crucial for both living organisms and engineered systems. The mutual information rate, a core concept of information theory, quantifies the amount of information shared between the trajectories of input…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-01 Manuel Reinhardt , Age J. Tjalma , Anne-Lena Moor , Christoph Zechner , Pieter Rein ten Wolde

A reaction-coordinate--resolved information-theoretic analysis of chemical reactivity is developed using mutual information and partial information decomposition (PID). Along an intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC), a local empirical…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Kyunghoon Han , Miguel Gallegos