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This paper introduces TwitterPaul, a system designed to make use of Social Media data to help to predict game outcomes for the 2010 FIFA World Cup tournament. To this end, we extracted over 538K mentions to football games from a large…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2015-03-13 Naushad UzZaman , Roi Blanco , Michael Matthews

The outcome of some football matches has benefited both teams at the expense of a third team because head-to-head results were used for breaking ties. Inspired by these examples, our mathematical analysis identifies all possible collusion…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-05-20 László Csató

A match played in a sports tournament can be called stakeless if at least one team is indifferent to its outcome because it already has qualified or has been eliminated. Such a game threatens fairness since teams may not exert full effort…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-02 László Csató , András Gyimesi

In the last round of the FIFA World Cup group stage, games for which the outcome does not affect the selection of the qualified teams are played with little enthusiasm. Furthermore, a team that has already qualified may take into account…

Applications · Statistics 2021-02-04 Mario Chater , Luc Arrondel , Jean-Pascal Gayant , Jean-François Laslier

In this paper we present a novel approach to optimise tactical and strategic decision making in football (soccer). We model the game of football as a multi-stage game which is made up from a Bayesian game to model the pre-match decisions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Ryan Beal , Georgios Chalkiadakis , Timothy J. Norman , Sarvapali D. Ramchurn

Multi-stage tournaments consisting of a round-robin group stage followed by a knockout phase are ubiquitous in sports. However, this format is incentive incompatible if at least two teams from a group advance to the knockout stage where the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-01-07 László Csató

In this work, three fundamentally different machine learning models are combined to create a new, joint model for forecasting the UEFA EURO 2024. Therefore, a generalized linear model, a random forest model, and a extreme gradient boosting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Andreas Groll , Lars M. Hvattum , Christophe Ley , Jonas Sternemann , Gunther Schauberger , Achim Zeileis

Evaluating the accuracies of models for match outcome predictions is nice and well but in the end the real proof is in the money to be made by betting. To evaluate the question whether the models developed by us could be used easily to make…

Applications · Statistics 2017-02-21 Albrecht Zimmermann

One way to investigate the precision of estimates likely to result from planned experiments and planned epidemiological studies is to simulate a large number of possible outcomes and analyse the sets of possible results. This appears to be…

Computation · Statistics 2013-06-28 G. K. Robinson , L. M. Ryan

We consider the manipulability of tournament rules which map the results of $\binom{n}{2}$ pairwise matches and select a winner. Prior work designs simple tournament rules such that no pair of teams can manipulate the outcome of their match…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Kimberly Ding , S. Matthew Weinberg

Football forecasting models traditionally rate teams on past match results, that is based on the number of goals scored. Goals, however, involve a high element of chance and thus past results often do not reflect the performances of the…

Applications · Statistics 2021-01-07 Edward Wheatcroft , Ewelina Sienkiewicz

We consider the general problem of estimating probabilities which arise as a union of dependent events. We propose a flexible series of estimators for such probabilities, and describe variance reduction schemes applied to the proposed…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-10-10 Lars Nørvang Andersen , Patrick J. Laub , Leonardo Rojas-Nandayapa

With an exploding global market and the recent introduction of online cash prize tournaments, fantasy sports contests are quickly becoming a central part of the social gaming and sports industries. For sports fans and online media…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-11-07 Christopher Musco , Maxim Sviridenko , Justin Thaler

We form a "map of tournaments" by adapting the map framework from the world of elections. By a tournament we mean a complete directed graph where the nodes are the players and an edge points from a winner of a game to the loser (with no…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Filip Nikolow , Piotr Faliszewski , Stanisław Szufa

We present a systematic approach to the prediction of soccer matches. First, we show that the information about chances for goals is by far more informative than about the actual results. Second, we present a multivariate regression…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2012-07-20 Andreas Heuer , Oliver Rubner

Information extracted from social media streams has been leveraged to forecast the outcome of a large number of real-world events, from political elections to stock market fluctuations. An increasing amount of studies demonstrates how the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-03-07 Lei Le , Emilio Ferrara , Alessandro Flammini

An open problem posed by the first author is the complexity to decide whether a sequence of nonnegative integer numbers can be the final score of a football tournament. In this paper we propose polynomial time approximate and exponential…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-07-27 A. Iványi , J. E. Schoenfield

The COVID-19 pandemic has left its marks in the sports world, forcing the full-stop of all sports-related activities in the first half of 2020. Football leagues were suddenly stopped and each country was hesitating between a relaunch of the…

Applications · Statistics 2021-01-27 Hans Van Eetvelde , Lars Magnus Hvattum , Christophe Ley

Individual sports competitions provide a natural setting for examining the relative importance of talent and luck/chance in achieving success. The belief that success is primarily due to individual abilities and hard work rather than…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-11-14 Chiara Zappalá , Alessio Emanuele Biondo , Alessandro Pluchino , Andrea Rapisarda

Performance prediction or forecasting sporting outcomes involves a great deal of insight into the particular area one is dealing with, and a considerable amount of intuition about the factors that bear on such outcomes and performances. The…