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Combinatorial games lead to several interesting, clean problems in algorithms and complexity theory, many of which remain open. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the area to encourage further research. In particular, we…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-09-25 Erik D. Demaine , Robert A. Hearn

We define a new concept of "mistake" strategies and actions for strategic-form and extensive-form games, analyze the relationship to prior main game-theoretic solution concepts, study algorithms for computation, and explore practicality.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Sam Ganzfried

Optimization under uncertainty is a fundamental problem in learning and decision-making, particularly in multi-agent systems. Previously, Feldman, Kalai, and Tennenholtz [2010] demonstrated the ability to efficiently compete in repeated…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Daniel Ablin , Alon Cohen

The game theory techniques are used to find the equilibrium of a market. Game theory refers to the ways in which strategic interactions among economic agents produce outcomes with respect to the preferences (or utilities) of those agents,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-10-24 Marx Boopathi

Two-player zero-sum repeated games are well understood. Computing the value of such a game is straightforward. Additionally, if the payoffs are dependent on a random state of the game known to one, both, or neither of the players, the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-11-05 Paul Cuff

A valuation for a player in a game in extensive form is an assignment of numeric values to the players moves. The valuation reflects the desirability moves. We assume a myopic player, who chooses a move with the highest valuation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Philippe Jehiel , Dov Samet

We consider game theory from the perspective of quantum algorithms. Strategies in classical game theory are either pure (deterministic) or mixed (probabilistic). We introduce these basic ideas in the context of a simple example, closely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 David A. Meyer

We revisit classic algorithmic search and optimization problems from the perspective of competition. Rather than a single optimizer minimizing expected cost, we consider a zero-sum game in which an optimization problem is presented to two…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2011-01-17 Nicole Immorlica , Adam Tauman Kalai , Brendan Lucier , Ankur Moitra , Andrew Postlewaite , Moshe Tennenholtz

Two-player complete-information game trees are perhaps the simplest possible setting for studying general-sum games and the computational problem of finding equilibria. These games admit a simple bottom-up algorithm for finding subgame…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-07-02 Michael L. Littman , Nishkam Ravi , Arjun Talwar , Martin Zinkevich

We consider how an agent should update her uncertainty when it is represented by a set P of probability distributions and the agent observes that a random variable X takes on value x, given that the agent makes decisions using the minimax…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-07-29 Peter D. Grunwald , Joseph Y. Halpern

Iterated admissibility is a well-known and important concept in classical game theory, e.g. to determine rational behaviors in multi-player matrix games. As recently shown by Berwanger, this concept can be soundly extended to infinite games…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-01-24 Romain Brenguier , Jean-François Raskin , Mathieu Sassolas

Two-player zero-sum "graph games" are a central model, which proceeds as follows. A token is placed on a vertex of a graph, and the two players move it to produce an infinite "play", which determines the winner or payoff of the game.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Guy Avni , Ismael Jecker , Djordje Zikelic

One common assumption in game theory is that any player optimizes a utility function that takes into account only its own payoff. However, it has long been observed that in real life players may adopt an altruistic or even spiteful…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Michail Fasoulakis , Leonidas Bakopoulos , Charilaos Akasiadis , Georgios Chalkiadakis

This work considers two-player zero-sum semi-Markov games with incomplete information on one side and perfect observation. At the beginning, the system selects a game type according to a given probability distribution and informs to Player…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-16 Fang Chen , Xianping Guo , Zhong-Wei Liao

Learning from repeated play in a fixed two-player zero-sum game is a classic problem in game theory and online learning. We consider a variant of this problem where the game payoff matrix changes over time, possibly in an adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Mengxiao Zhang , Peng Zhao , Haipeng Luo , Zhi-Hua Zhou

Games, in their mathematical sense, are everywhere (game industries, economics, defense, education, chemistry, biology, ...).Search algorithms in games are artificial intelligence methods for playing such games. Unfortunately, there is no…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Quentin Cohen-Solal

Game theory has by now found numerous applications in various fields, including economics, industry, jurisprudence, and artificial intelligence, where each player only cares about its own interest in a noncooperative or cooperative manner,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Xiuxian Li , Min Meng , Yiguang Hong , Jie Chen

I consider a family of games with corresponding payoff matrices, parametrized by the parameter The informal question of interest is: what game is the best? Instead of attempting to suggest a more or less arbitrary definition of the best…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-20 Georgiy Karev

Evolutionary game theory has been a successful tool to combine classical game theory with learning-dynamical descriptions in multiagent systems. Provided some symmetric structures of interacting players, many studies have been focused on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Xinyu Zhang , Peng Peng , Yushan Zhou , Haifeng Wang , Wenxin Li

We examine the problem of the existence of optimal deterministic stationary strategiesintwo-players antagonistic (zero-sum) perfect information stochastic games with finitely many states and actions.We show that the existenceof such…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-28 Hugo Gimbert , Wieslaw Zielonka