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The Internet of Things (IoT) systems increasingly depend on continual learning to adapt to non-stationary environments. These environments can include factors such as sensor drift, changing user behavior, device aging, and adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Alfous Tim , Kuniyilh Simi D

The development and adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) devices will grow significantly in the coming years to enable Industry 4.0. Many forms of IoT devices will be developed and used across industry verticals. However, the euphoria of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Jonathan Pan

AI systems have become increasingly capable of dangerous behaviours in many domains. This raises the question: Do models sometimes choose to violate human instructions in order to perform behaviour that is more useful for certain goals? We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Jonas Wiedermann-Möller , Leonard Dung , Maksym Andriushchenko

The Internet of Things (IoT) triggers new types of cyber risks. Therefore, the integration of new IoT devices and services requires a self-assessment of IoT cyber security posture. By security posture this article refers to the…

Cyber-physical systems posit a complex number of security challenges due to interconnection of heterogeneous devices having limited processing, communication, and power capabilities. Additionally, the conglomeration of both physical and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Prerit Datta , Natalie Lodinger , Akbar Siami Namin , Keith S. Jones

A distribution inference attack aims to infer statistical properties of data used to train machine learning models. These attacks are sometimes surprisingly potent, but the factors that impact distribution inference risk are not well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Anshuman Suri , Yifu Lu , Yanjin Chen , David Evans

The escalating frequency of cyber-attacks poses significant challenges for organisations, particularly small enterprises constrained by limited in-house expertise, insufficient knowledge, and financial resources. This research presents a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Emad Sherif , Iryna Yevseyeva , Vitor Basto-Fernandes , Allan Cook

Due to the variety of cyber-attacks or threats, the cybersecurity community enhances the traditional security control mechanisms to an advanced level so that automated tools can encounter potential security threats. Very recently, Cyber…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Md Imran Hossen , Ashraful Islam , Farzana Anowar , Eshtiak Ahmed , Mohammad Masudur Rahman , Xiali , Hei

Cloud computing has changed online communities in three dimensions, which are scalability, adaptability and reduced overhead. But there are serious security concerns which are brought about by its distributed and multi-tenant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Gaurav Sarraf , Vibhor Pal

Cyber-security is an important societal concern. Cyber-attacks have increased in numbers as well as in the extent of damage caused in every attack. Large organizations operate a Cyber Security Operation Center (CSOC), which form the first…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Ankit Shah , Arunesh Sinha , Rajesh Ganesan , Sushil Jajodia , Hasan Cam

Internet of Things (IoT) has brought along immense benefits to our daily lives encompassing a diverse range of application domains that we regularly interact with, ranging from healthcare automation to transport and smart environments.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Mengmeng Ge , Naeem Firdous Syed , Xiping Fu , Zubair Baig , Antonio Robles-Kelly

In trigger-action IoT platforms, IoT devices report event conditions to IoT hubs notifying their cyber states and let the hubs invoke actions in other IoT devices based on functional dependencies defined as rules in a rule engine. These…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Md Morshed Alam , Israt Jahan , Weichao Wang

Attackers are now using sophisticated techniques, like polymorphism, to change the attack pattern for each new attack. Thus, the detection of novel attacks has become the biggest challenge for cyber experts and researchers. Recently,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Sanjay Chakraborty , Saroj Kumar Pandey , Saikat Maity , Lopamudra Dey

Threat actors can be persistent, motivated and agile, and leverage a diversified and extensive set of tactics and techniques to attain their goals. In response to that, defenders establish threat intelligence programs to stay…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Vasileios Mavroeidis , Audun Jøsang

Insider threats, as one type of the most challenging threats in cyberspace, usually cause significant loss to organizations. While the problem of insider threat detection has been studied for a long time in both security and data mining…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Shuhan Yuan , Xintao Wu

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) pose a severe challenge to cyber defense due to their stealthy behavior and the extreme class imbalance inherent in detection datasets. To address these issues, we propose a novel active learning-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , Talal Rahwan

In the dynamic cyber threat landscape, effective decision-making under uncertainty is crucial for maintaining robust information security. This paper introduces the Cyber Resilience Index (CRI), a threat-informed probabilistic approach to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Lampis Alevizos , Vinh-Thong Ta

Threat modelling is the process of identifying potential vulnerabilities in a system and prioritising them. Existing threat modelling tools focus primarily on technical systems and are not as well suited to interpersonal threats. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Kieron Ivy Turk , Anna Talas , Alice Hutchings

Proactive approaches to security, such as adversary emulation, leverage information about threat actors and their techniques (Cyber Threat Intelligence, CTI). However, most CTI still comes in unstructured forms (i.e., natural language),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Vittorio Orbinato , Mariarosaria Barbaraci , Roberto Natella , Domenico Cotroneo

The new generation of cyber threats leverages advanced AI-aided methods, which make them capable to launch multi-stage, dynamic, and effective attacks. Current cyber-defense systems encounter various challenges to defend against such new…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Hooman Alavizadeh , Julian Jang-Jaccard , Tansu Alpcan , Seyit A. Camtepe