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With increasing technology developments, there is a massive number of websites with varying purposes. But a particular type exists within this large collection, the so-called phishing sites which aim to deceive their users. The main…

Providing security for webservers against unwanted and automated registrations has become a big concern. To prevent these kinds of false registrations many websites use CAPTCHAs. Among all kinds of CAPTCHAs OCR-Based or visual CAPTCHAs are…

While social media are a key source of data for computational social science, their ease of manipulation by malicious actors threatens the integrity of online information exchanges and their analysis. In this Chapter, we focus on malicious…

Traditional CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart) schemes are increasingly vulnerable to automated attacks powered by deep neural networks (DNNs). Existing adversarial attack methods often rely…

Security exploits can include cyber threats such as computer programs that can disturb the normal behavior of computer systems (viruses), unsolicited e-mail (spam), malicious software (malware), monitoring software (spyware), attempting to…

This paper explores the possibility of using ChatGPT to develop advanced phishing attacks and automate their large-scale deployment. We make ChatGPT generate the following parts of a phishing attack: i) cloning a targeted website, ii)…

As multimodal large language models (LLMs) advance, traditional CAPTCHAs have become obsolete at distinguishing humans from bots. To address this shift, this paper aims to investigate the possibility of using tasks for which humans have…

Passwords are a fragile, inadequate, and insecure tool for authenticating users, and are especially fraught with problems when used to secure access to network resources and services. In many cases, passwords provide a false sense of…

CAPTCHAs remain a critical defense against automated abuse, yet modern systems suffer from well-known limitations in usability, accessibility, and resistance to increasingly capable bots and low-cost CAPTCHA farms. Behavioral and…

Cheating is a real problem in the Internet of Things. The fundamental question that needs to be answered is how we can trust the validity of the data being generated in the first place. The problem, however, isn't inherent in whether or not…

Bots are automated social media users that can be used to amplify (mis)information and sow harmful discourse. In order to effectively influence users, bots can be generated to reproduce human user behavior. Indeed, people tend to trust…

Phishing attacks have evolved and increased over time and, for this reason, the task of distinguishing between a legitimate site and a phishing site is more and more difficult, fooling even the most expert users. The main proposals focused…

Phishing is recognised as a serious threat to organisations and individuals. While there have been significant technical advances in blocking phishing attacks, people remain the last line of defence after phishing emails reach their email…

The use of passwords and the need to protect passwords are not going away. The majority of websites that require authentication continue to support password authentication. Even high-security applications such as Internet Banking portals,…

This article analyzes trust and security in computing and communications systems. While in human-life, trust usually has some kind of commonly understood meaning, in the realm of computing and communications systems, it could be interpreted…

The rapid evolution of GUI-enabled agents has rendered traditional CAPTCHAs obsolete. While previous benchmarks like OpenCaptchaWorld established a baseline for evaluating multimodal agents, recent advancements in reasoning-heavy models,…

Phishing is one of the most prevalent and expensive types of cybercrime faced by organizations and individuals worldwide. Most prior research has focused on various technical features and traditional representations of text to characterize…

For nearly a decade the academic community has investigated backdoors in neural networks, primarily focusing on classification tasks where adversaries manipulate the model prediction. While demonstrably malicious, the immediate real-world…

In this paper we study the suitability of a new generation of CAPTCHA methods based on smartphone interactions. The heterogeneous flow of data generated during the interaction with the smartphones can be used to model human behavior when…

Phishing is a well-known cybersecurity attack that has rapidly increased in recent years. It poses legitimate risks to businesses, government agencies, and all users due to sensitive data breaches, subsequent financial and productivity…