Related papers: Causal Laws and Multi-Valued Fluents
A framework for consensus modelling is introduced using Kleene's three valued logic as a means to express vagueness in agents' beliefs. Explicitly borderline cases are inherent to propositions involving vague concepts where sentences of a…
Contingency and accident are two important notions in philosophy and philosophical logic. Their meanings are so close that they are mixed sometimes, in both everyday discourse and academic research. This indicates that it is necessary to…
We bring forward a logical system of transition algebras that enhances many-sorted first-order logic using features from dynamic logics. The sentences we consider include compositions, unions, and transitive closures of transition…
This paper argues that a combined treatment of probabilities, time and actions is essential for an appropriate logical account of the notion of probability; and, based on this intuition, describes an expressive probabilistic temporal logic…
Description Logics are knowledge representation formalisms which have been used in a wide range of application domains. Owing to their appealing expressiveness, we consider in this paper extensions of the well-known concept language ALC…
Computational semantics and logic-based controlled natural languages (CNL) do not address systematically the word sense disambiguation problem of content words, i.e., they tend to interpret only some functional words that are crucial for…
The use of causal language in observational studies has raised concerns about overstatement in scientific communication. While some argue that such language should be reserved for randomized controlled trials, others contend that rigorous…
Epistemic logics of intensional groups lift the assumption that membership in a group of agents is common knowledge. Instead of being represented directly as a set of agents, intensional groups are represented by a property that may change…
As an essential component of human cognition, cause-effect relations appear frequently in text, and curating cause-effect relations from text helps in building causal networks for predictive tasks. Existing causality extraction techniques…
Explanations are a fundamental element of how people make sense of the political world. Citizens routinely ask and answer questions about why events happen, who is responsible, and what could or should be done differently. Yet despite their…
Translations between different nonmonotonic formalisms always have been an important topic in the field, in particular to understand the knowledge-representation capabilities those formalisms offer. We provide such an investigation in terms…
Despite being fairly powerful, finite non-deterministic matrices are unable to characterize some logics of formal inconsistency, such as those found between $\textbf{mbCcl}$ and $\textbf{Cila}$. In order to overcome this limitation, we…
This paper explains why internal and external validity cannot be simultaneously maximised. It introduces "evidential states" to represent the information available for causal inference and shows that routine study operations (restriction,…
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as automatic judges for summarization and dialogue evaluation. Prior work has documented biases such as position, verbosity, and style preferences, but largely focuses on outcomes, leaving…
Recent authors have proposed analyzing conditional reasoning through a notion of intervention on a simulation program, and have found a sound and complete axiomatization of the logic of conditionals in this setting. Here we extend this…
Metric Temporal Logic (MTL) is a generalisation of Linear Temporal Logic in which the Until and Since modalities are annotated with intervals that express metric constraints. A seminal result of Hirshfeld and Rabinovich shows that over the…
There exist well-developed frameworks for causal modelling, but these require rather a lot of human domain expertise to define causal variables and perform interventions. In order to enable autonomous agents to learn abstract causal models…
Explainable recommendation systems leverage transparent reasoning to foster user trust and improve decision-making processes. Current approaches typically decouple recommendation generation from explanation creation, violating causal…
In this paper we provide an analytical study of the theory of multi-valued and fuzzy cellular automata where the fuzziness appears as the result of the application of an underlying multi-valued or continuous logic as opposed to standard…
We introduce action-driven flows for causal variational principles, being a class of non-convex variational problems emanating from applications in fundamental physics. In the compact setting, H\"older continuous curves of measures are…