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High dimensionality comparable to sample size is common in many statistical problems. We examine covariance matrix estimation in the asymptotic framework that the dimensionality $p$ tends to $\infty$ as the sample size $n$ increases.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Jianqing Fan , Yingying Fan , Jinchi Lv

High-dimensional matrix-variate time series data are becoming widely available in many scientific fields, such as economics, biology, and meteorology. To achieve significant dimension reduction while preserving the intrinsic matrix…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-20 Elynn Y. Chen , Ruey S. Tsay , Rong Chen

Factor models are a class of powerful statistical models that have been widely used to deal with dependent measurements that arise frequently from various applications from genomics and neuroscience to economics and finance. As data are…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-08-14 Jianqing Fan , Kaizheng Wang , Yiqiao Zhong , Ziwei Zhu

The modal factor model represents a new factor model for dimension reduction in high dimensional panel data. Unlike the approximate factor model that targets for the mean factors, it captures factors that influence the conditional mode of…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-10-01 Zhe Sun , Yundong Tu

Factor models are widely used for dimension reduction in the analysis of multivariate data. This is achieved through decomposition of a p x p covariance matrix into the sum of two components. Through a latent factor representation, they can…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-01 Sarah Elizabeth Heaps , Ian Hyla Jermyn

Reduced-rank decompositions provide descriptions of the variation among the elements of a matrix or array. In such decompositions, the elements of an array are expressed as products of low-dimensional latent factors. This article presents a…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-06-01 Peter Hoff

In this paper, we consider the nonstationary matrix-valued time series with common stochastic trends. Unlike the traditional factor analysis which flattens matrix observations into vectors, we adopt a matrix factor model in order to fully…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-08-25 Degui Li , Yayi Yan , Qiwei Yao

Latent or unobserved phenomena pose a significant difficulty in data analysis as they induce complicated and confounding dependencies among a collection of observed variables. Factor analysis is a prominent multivariate statistical modeling…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-22 Armeen Taeb , Venkat Chandrasekaran

Matrix-variate data of high dimensions are frequently observed in finance and economics, spanning extended time periods, such as the long-term data on international trade flows among numerous countries. To address potential structural…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-03 Bin Chen , Elynn Y. Chen , Stevenson Bolivar , Rong Chen

Data can be assumed to be continuous functions defined on an infinite-dimensional space for many phenomena. However, the infinite-dimensional data might be driven by a small number of latent variables. Hence, factor models are relevant for…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-18 Israel Martínez-Hernández , Jesús Gonzalo , Graciela González-Farías

In this paper, a systematic approach is developed to embed the dynamical description of a nonlinear system into a linear parameter-varying (LPV) system representation. Initially, the nonlinear functions in the model representation are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-09 Arash Sadeghzadeh , Roland Toth

Modern technology often generates data with complex structures in which both response and explanatory variables are matrix-valued. Existing methods in the literature are able to tackle matrix-valued predictors but are rather limited for…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-08-01 Shanshan Ding , R. Dennis Cook

This article considers to model large-dimensional matrix time series by introducing a regression term to the matrix factor model. This is an extension of classic matrix factor model to incorporate the information of known factors or useful…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-26 Yongchang Hui , Yuteng Zhang , Siting Huang

The nonlinear dynamics of a system with periodic structure can be analyzed using a square matrix. We show that because the special property of the square matrix constructed for nonlinear dynamics, we can reduce the dimension of the matrix…

Classical Physics · Physics 2018-09-11 Li Hua Yu

Theory and methods to obtain parametric reduced-order models by moment matching are presented. The definition of the parametric moment is introduced, and methods (model-based and data-driven) for the approximation of the parametric moment…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-13 Hanqing Zhang , Junyu Mao , Mohammad Fahim Shakib , Giordano Scarciotti

This paper considers the estimation and inference of the low-rank components in high-dimensional matrix-variate factor models, where each dimension of the matrix-variates ($p \times q$) is comparable to or greater than the number of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-10-20 Elynn Y. Chen , Jianqing Fan

Graph-based techniques emerged as a choice to deal with the dimensionality issues in modeling multivariate time series. However, there is yet no complete understanding of how the underlying structure could be exploited to ease this task.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-02 Elvin Isufi , Andreas Loukas , Nathanael Perraudin , Geert Leus

This paper introduces a novel process for both factor and idiosyncratic volatility matrices whose eigenvalues follow the vector auto-regressive (VAR) model. We call it the factor and idiosyncratic VAR (FIVAR) model. The FIVAR model accounts…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-25 Minseok Shin , Donggyu Kim , Yazhen Wang , Jianqing Fan

Estimates of the approximate factor model are increasingly used in empirical work. Their theoretical properties, studied some twenty years ago, also laid the ground work for analysis on large dimensional panel data models with cross-section…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-08-04 Jushan Bai , Serena Ng

We propose a vector auto-regressive (VAR) model with a low-rank constraint on the transition matrix. This new model is well suited to predict high-dimensional series that are highly correlated, or that are driven by a small number of hidden…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-17 Pierre Alquier , Karine Bertin , Paul Doukhan , Rémy Garnier