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Machine learning methods for estimating treatment effect heterogeneity promise greater flexibility than existing methods that test a few pre-specified hypotheses. However, one problem these methods can have is that it can be challenging to…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-08-05 Patrick Rehill

We introduce PRISM (Predictive Reasoning in Sequential Medicine), a transformer-based architecture designed to model the sequential progression of clinical decision-making processes. Unlike traditional approaches that rely on isolated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Lionel Levine , John Santerre , Alex S. Young , T. Barry Levine , Francis Campion , Majid Sarrafzadeh

Development of interpretable machine learning models for clinical healthcare applications has the potential of changing the way we understand, treat, and ultimately cure, diseases and disorders in many areas of medicine. These models can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Qingzhu Gao , Humberto Gonzalez , Parvez Ahammad

The breadth, scale, and temporal granularity of modern electronic health records (EHR) systems offers great potential for estimating personalized and contextual patient health trajectories using sequential deep learning. However, learning…

The field of clinical natural language processing has been advanced significantly since the introduction of deep learning models. The self-supervised representation learning and the transfer learning paradigm became the methods of choice in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-27 Andrey Kormilitzin , Nemanja Vaci , Qiang Liu , Alejo Nevado-Holgado

Comparing observed behavior (event data generated during process executions) with modeled behavior (process models), is an essential step in process mining analyses. Alignments are the de-facto standard technique for calculating conformance…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Daniel Schuster , Sebastiaan van Zelst , Wil M. P. van der Aalst

Objective: Effective collaboration between machines and clinicians requires flexible data structures to represent medical processes and clinical practice guidelines. Such a data structure could enable effective turn-taking between human and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-08-29 Blake Hannaford , Randall Bly , Ian Humphreys , Mark Whipple

The automatic generation of decision trees based on off-line reasoning on models of a domain is a reasonable compromise between the advantages of using a model-based approach in technical domains and the constraints imposed by embedded…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-06-28 L. Console , C. Picardi , D. Theseider Duprè

Recent years have seen particular interest in using electronic medical records (EMRs) for secondary purposes to enhance the quality and safety of healthcare delivery. EMRs tend to contain large amounts of valuable clinical notes. Learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Hoda Memarzadeh , Nasser Ghadiri , Maryam Lotfi Shahreza

Patient matching is the process of linking patients to appropriate clinical trials by accurately identifying and matching their medical records with trial eligibility criteria. We propose LLM-Match, a novel framework for patient matching…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Xiaodi Li , Shaika Chowdhury , Chung Il Wi , Maria Vassilaki , Xiaoke Liu , Terence T Sio , Owen Garrick , Young J Juhn , James R Cerhan , Cui Tao , Nansu Zong

Neural networks and tree ensembles are state-of-the-art learners, each with its unique statistical and computational advantages. We aim to combine these advantages by introducing a new layer for neural networks, composed of an ensemble of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Hussein Hazimeh , Natalia Ponomareva , Petros Mol , Zhenyu Tan , Rahul Mazumder

Decision trees are widely used in high-stakes fields like finance and healthcare due to their interpretability. This work introduces an efficient, scalable method for generating synthetic pre-training data to enable meta-learning of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Kyaw Hpone Myint , Zhe Wu , Alexandre G. R. Day , Giri Iyengar

Matching patients to clinical trials is a key unsolved challenge in bringing new drugs to market. Today, identifying patients who meet a trial's eligibility criteria is highly manual, taking up to 1 hour per patient. Automated screening is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Michael Wornow , Alejandro Lozano , Dev Dash , Jenelle Jindal , Kenneth W. Mahaffey , Nigam H. Shah

Today, despite decades of developments in medicine and the growing interest in precision healthcare, vast majority of diagnoses happen once patients begin to show noticeable signs of illness. Early indication and detection of diseases,…

Although advancements in deep learning have significantly enhanced the recommendation accuracy of deep recommendation models, these methods still suffer from low recommendation efficiency. Recently proposed tree-based deep recommendation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Ze Liu , Jin Zhang , Chao Feng , Defu Lian , Jie Wang , Enhong Chen

Enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of machine learning algorithms employed in neural interface systems is crucial for advancing next-generation intelligent therapeutic devices. However, current systems often utilize basic machine…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-12 Arshia Afzal , Volkan Cevher , Mahsa Shoaran

There is a need of ensuring machine learning models that are interpretable. Higher interpretability of the model means easier comprehension and explanation of future predictions for end-users. Further, interpretable machine learning models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-17 Gregor Stiglic , Primoz Kocbek , Nino Fijacko , Marinka Zitnik , Katrien Verbert , Leona Cilar

With the recent availability of Electronic Health Records (EHR) and great opportunities they offer for advancing medical informatics, there has been growing interest in mining EHR for improving quality of care. Disease diagnosis due to its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-24 Anahita Hosseini , Ting Chen , Wenjun Wu , Yizhou Sun , Majid Sarrafzadeh

Interpretability of AI models allows for user safety checks to build trust in these models. In particular, decision trees (DTs) provide a global view on the learned model and clearly outlines the role of the features that are critical to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Hector Kohler , Riad Akrour , Philippe Preux

Improving the quality of end-of-life care for hospitalized patients is a priority for healthcare organizations. Studies have shown that physicians tend to over-estimate prognoses, which in combination with treatment inertia results in a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2017-11-20 Anand Avati , Kenneth Jung , Stephanie Harman , Lance Downing , Andrew Ng , Nigam H. Shah