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Approximation rates are analyzed for deep surrogates of maps between infinite-dimensional function spaces, arising e.g. as data-to-solution maps of linear and nonlinear partial differential equations. Specifically, we study approximation…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-02-09 Lukas Herrmann , Christoph Schwab , Jakob Zech

We study the approximation rates of a class of deep neural network approximations of operators which arise as data-to-solution maps $\mathcal{S}$ of linear elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs), and act between pairs $X,Y$ of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-22 Carlo Marcati , Christoph Schwab

Learning operators between infinitely dimensional spaces is an important learning task arising in wide applications in machine learning, imaging science, mathematical modeling and simulations, etc. This paper studies the nonparametric…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-04 Hao Liu , Haizhao Yang , Minshuo Chen , Tuo Zhao , Wenjing Liao

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have emerged as a popular mathematical tool for function approximation due to their capability of modelling highly nonlinear functions. Their applications range from image classification and natural language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-30 SiQi Zhou , Angela P. Schoellig

Operator learning based on neural operators has emerged as a promising paradigm for the data-driven approximation of operators, mapping between infinite-dimensional Banach spaces. Despite significant empirical progress, our theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Samuel Lanthaler

We study the approximation and statistical complexity of learning collections of operators in a shared multi-task setting, with a focus on the Multiple Neural Operators (MNO) architecture. For broad classes of Lipschitz multiple operator…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Adrien Weihs , Hayden Schaeffer

While many problems in machine learning focus on learning mappings between finite-dimensional spaces, scientific applications require approximating mappings between function spaces, i.e., operators. We study the problem of learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Adrien Weihs , Jingmin Sun , Zecheng Zhang , Hayden Schaeffer

We propose a deep neural-operator framework for a general class of probability models. Under global Lipschitz conditions on the operator over the entire Euclidean space-and for a broad class of probabilistic models-we establish a universal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Erhan Bayraktar , Qi Feng , Zecheng Zhang , Zhaoyu Zhang

Tight estimation of the Lipschitz constant for deep neural networks (DNNs) is useful in many applications ranging from robustness certification of classifiers to stability analysis of closed-loop systems with reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Mahyar Fazlyab , Alexander Robey , Hamed Hassani , Manfred Morari , George J. Pappas

DeepONets have recently been proposed as a framework for learning nonlinear operators mapping between infinite dimensional Banach spaces. We analyze DeepONets and prove estimates on the resulting approximation and generalization errors. In…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-01-14 Samuel Lanthaler , Siddhartha Mishra , George Em Karniadakis

Deep Operator Networks (DeepONets) provide a branch-trunk neural architecture for approximating nonlinear operators acting between function spaces. In the classical operator approximation framework, the input is a function $u\in C(K_1)$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Vugar Ismailov

In this paper we consider Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) with a smooth activation function as surrogates for high-dimensional functions that are somewhat smooth but costly to evaluate. We consider the standard (non-periodic) DNNs as well as…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Alexander Keller , Frances Y. Kuo , Dirk Nuyens , Ian H. Sloan

Recently, deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have proven to be successful when employed in areas such as reduced order modeling of parametrized PDEs. Despite their accuracy and efficiency, the approaches available in the literature…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-01-26 Nicola Rares Franco , Stefania Fresca , Andrea Manzoni , Paolo Zunino

This paper concentrates on the approximation power of deep feed-forward neural networks in terms of width and depth. It is proved by construction that ReLU networks with width $\mathcal{O}\big(\max\{d\lfloor N^{1/d}\rfloor,\, N+2\}\big)$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang

We study expressive power of shallow and deep neural networks with piece-wise linear activation functions. We establish new rigorous upper and lower bounds for the network complexity in the setting of approximations in Sobolev spaces. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-02 Dmitry Yarotsky

We consider deep neural networks with a Lipschitz continuous activation function and with weight matrices of variable widths. We establish a uniform convergence analysis framework in which sufficient conditions on weight matrices and bias…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Yuesheng Xu , Haizhang Zhang

We construct and analyze approximation rates of deep operator networks (ONets) between infinite-dimensional spaces that emulate with an exponential rate of convergence the coefficient-to-solution map of elliptic second-order partial…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-11-27 Carlo Marcati , Christoph Schwab

We study the approximation properties of neural ordinary differential equations (neural ODEs) in the space of continuous functions. Since a neural ODE requires input and output dimensions to be the same, while input and output dimensions of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Arturo De Marinis , Davide Murari , Elena Celledoni , Nicola Guglielmi , Brynjulf Owren , Francesco Tudisco

Singularly perturbed problems present inherent difficulty due to the presence of a thin boundary layer in its solution. To overcome this difficulty, we propose using deep operator networks (DeepONets), a method previously shown to be…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-06-30 Ting Du , Zhongyi Huang , Ye Li

Lipschitz-constrained neural networks have many applications in machine learning. Since designing and training expressive Lipschitz-constrained networks is very challenging, there is a need for improved methods and a better theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Sebastian Neumayer , Alexis Goujon , Pakshal Bohra , Michael Unser
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