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With the rapid growth in the use of fine-tuning for large language models (LLMs), optimizing fine-tuning while keeping inference efficient has become highly important. However, this is a challenging task as it requires improvements in all…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Changhun Lee , Jun-gyu Jin , Younghyun Cho , Eunhyeok Park

While transformer-based pre-trained language models (PLMs) have dominated a number of NLP applications, these models are heavy to deploy and expensive to use. Therefore, effectively compressing large-scale PLMs becomes an increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Zhuocheng Gong , Jiahao Liu , Qifan Wang , Yang Yang , Jingang Wang , Wei Wu , Yunsen Xian , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

Recent work has shown that 8-bit floating point (FP8) can be used for efficiently training neural networks with reduced computational cost compared to training in FP32/FP16. In this work, we investigate the use of FP8 training in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Bokun Wang , Axel Berg , Durmus Alp Emre Acar , Chuteng Zhou

Recently years have witnessed a rapid development of large language models (LLMs). Despite the strong ability in many language-understanding tasks, the heavy computational burden largely restricts the application of LLMs especially when one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yuhui Xu , Lingxi Xie , Xiaotao Gu , Xin Chen , Heng Chang , Hengheng Zhang , Zhengsu Chen , Xiaopeng Zhang , Qi Tian

Fine-tuning is a crucial process for adapting large language models (LLMs) to diverse applications. In certain scenarios, such as multi-tenant serving, deploying multiple LLMs becomes necessary to meet complex demands. Recent studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Bowen Ping , Shuo Wang , Hanqing Wang , Xu Han , Yuzhuang Xu , Yukun Yan , Yun Chen , Baobao Chang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Quantization is wildly taken as a model compression technique, which obtains efficient models by converting floating-point weights and activations in the neural network into lower-bit integers. Quantization has been proven to work well on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Lingran Zhao , Zhen Dong , Kurt Keutzer

Quantization techniques are pivotal in reducing the memory and computational demands of deep neural network inference. Existing solutions, such as ZeroQuant, offer dynamic quantization for models like BERT and GPT but overlook crucial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Zhewei Yao , Reza Yazdani Aminabadi , Stephen Youn , Xiaoxia Wu , Elton Zheng , Yuxiong He

The MXFP4 microscaling format, which partitions tensors into blocks of 32 elements sharing an E8M0 scaling factor, has emerged as a promising substrate for efficient LLM inference, backed by native hardware support on NVIDIA Blackwell…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Haokun Lin , Xinle Jia , Haobo Xu , Bingchen Yao , Xianglong Guo , Yichen Wu , Zhichao Lu , Ying Wei , Qingfu Zhang , Zhenan Sun

Deep learning as a means to inferencing has proliferated thanks to its versatility and ability to approach or exceed human-level accuracy. These computational models have seemingly insatiable appetites for computational resources not only…

The NVFP4 lower-precision format, supported in hardware by NVIDIA Blackwell GPUs, promises to allow, for the first time, end-to-end fully-quantized pre-training of massive models such as LLMs. Yet, existing quantized training methods still…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Andrei Panferov , Erik Schultheis , Soroush Tabesh , Dan Alistarh

Due to the high memory and computational costs associated with large language models (LLMs), model compression techniques such as quantization, which reduces inference costs, and parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods like Low-Rank…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Hyesung Jeon , Yulhwa Kim , Jae-joon Kim

LLM agents have recently emerged as a powerful paradigm for solving complex tasks through planning, tool use, memory retrieval, and multi-step interaction. However, these agentic workflows often introduce substantial input-side overhead,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Haiquan Lu , Zigeng Chen , Gongfan Fang , Xinyin Ma , Xinchao Wang

Neural network quantization is a promising compression technique to reduce memory footprint and save energy consumption, potentially leading to real-time inference. However, there is a performance gap between quantized and full-precision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Qing Jin , Jian Ren , Richard Zhuang , Sumant Hanumante , Zhengang Li , Zhiyu Chen , Yanzhi Wang , Kaiyuan Yang , Sergey Tulyakov

We consider the problem of model compression for Large Language Models (LLMs) at post-training time, where the task is to compress a well-trained model using only a small set of calibration input data. In this work, we introduce a new…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-12 Meyer Scetbon , James Hensman

Large language models (LLMs) are omnipresent, however their practical deployment is challenging due to their ever increasing computational and memory demands. Quantization is one of the most effective ways to make them more compute and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yelysei Bondarenko , Riccardo Del Chiaro , Markus Nagel

Recent breakthroughs in Large-scale language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on various tasks. The immense sizes of LLMs have led to very high resource demand and cost for running the models. Though the models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Juntao Zhao , Borui Wan , Yanghua Peng , Haibin Lin , Chuan Wu

In modern low-power embedded platforms, floating-point (FP) operations emerge as a major contributor to the energy consumption of compute-intensive applications with large dynamic range. Experimental evidence shows that 50% of the energy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-11-29 Giuseppe Tagliavini , Stefan Mach , Davide Rossi , Andrea Marongiu , Luca Benini

Meeting service-level objectives (SLOs) in Large Language Models (LLMs) serving is critical, but managing the high variability in load presents a significant challenge. Recent advancements in FP8 inference, backed by native hardware…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Haeun Lee , Omin Kwon , Yeonhong Park , Jae W. Lee

Microscaling floating-point (MXFP) formats have emerged as a promising standard for deploying Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) and Large Language Models (LLMs) on modern accelerator architectures. However, existing Post-Training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Ji-Fu Li , Manyi Zhang , Xiaobo Xia , Han Bao , Haoli Bai , Zhenhua Dong , Xianzhi Yu

Post-training quantization of Large Language Models (LLMs) is challenging. In this work, we introduce Low-rank Quantization Error Reduction (LQER), which combines quantization and low-rank approximation to recover the model capability. LQER…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Cheng Zhang , Jianyi Cheng , George A. Constantinides , Yiren Zhao
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