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We present a pioneering estimate of the global yearly greenhouse gas emissions of a large-scale Astrophysics experiment over several decades: the Giant Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND). The project aims at detecting ultra-high energy…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-12 Clarisse Aujoux , Kumiko Kotera , Odile Blanchard

Radio-detection is now an established technique for studying ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic rays with energies exceeding $\sim 10^{17}$ eV. The next generation of radio experiments, such as the Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-08 Marion Guelfand , Pauline Fritsch , Valentin Decoene , Olivier Martineau-Huynh , Mauricio Bustamante

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) aims at detecting ultra-high energy extraterrestrial neutrinos via the extensive air showers induced by the decay of tau leptons created in the interaction of neutrinos under the Earth's…

One of the major challenges for large-scale radio surface arrays, such as the Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND), is the requirement of an autonomous online trigger for radio signals induced by extensive air showers. The…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-19 Pablo Correa

As of early 2025, the GRAND Collaboration operates three prototype arrays: GRANDProto300 in China, GRAND@Nan\c{c}ay in France, and GRAND@Auger in Argentina. The GRAND@Auger prototype was established through an agreement between the GRAND…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-11 Beatriz de Errico , João R. T. de Mello Neto , Charles Timmermans

GRANDProto300, the mid-scale prototype of the GRAND experiment, is a planned radio array of 300 antennas over $200\, \rm km^{2}$ that will be deployed in the radio-quiet location of Xiao Dushan (China) by $\sim 2026$. The array will act as…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-09-05 Simon Chiche

GRAND (the Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection) is a proposed next-generation observatory of ultra-high-energy neutrinos, cosmic rays, and gamma rays of cosmic origin, with energies exceeding about 100 PeV. GRAND is envisioned as a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-09-04 Kumiko Kotera

GRAND (the Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection) is a proposed next-generation observatory targetting primarily the detection of ultra-high-energy neutrinos, with energies exceeding about 100 PeV. GRAND is envisioned as a collection of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-11 Olivier Martineau-Huynh

GRANDProto300 is one of the prototype experiments of the Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection. It will feature about 300 radio antenna detectors in Xiaodushang in Dunhuang, China, covering a total geometrical area of about 200 km$^2$. A…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-10 Sei Kato , Clément Prévotat , Rafael Alves Batista

The operation of upcoming ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray, gamma-ray, and neutrino radio-detection experiments, like the Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND), poses significant computational challenges involving the production of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-12 GRAND Collaboration , Rafael Alves Batista , Aurélien Benoit-Lévy , Teresa Bister , Martina Bohacova , Mauricio Bustamante , Washington Carvalho , Yiren Chen , LingMei Cheng , Simon Chiche , Jean-Marc Colley , Pablo Correa , Nicoleta Cucu Laurenciu , Zigao Dai , Rogerio M. de Almeida , Beatriz de Errico , Sijbrand de Jong , João R. T. de Mello Neto , Krijn D. de Vries , Valentin Decoene , Peter B. Denton , Bohao Duan , Kaikai Duan , Ralph Engel , William Erba , Yizhong Fan , Arsène Ferrière , QuanBu Gou , Junhua Gu , Marion Guelfand , Jianhua Guo , Yiqing Guo , Claire Guépin , Lukas Gülzow , Andreas Haungs , Matej Havelka , Haoning He , Eric Hivon , Hongbo Hu , Xiaoyuan Huang , Yan Huang , Tim Huege , Wen Jiang , Ramesh Koirala , ChuiZheng Kong , Kumiko Kotera , Jelena Köhler , Bruno L. Lago , Zhisen Lai , Sandra Le Coz , François Legrand , Antonios Leisos , Rui Li , Xingyu Li , YiFei Li , Cheng Liu , Ruoyu Liu , Wei Liu , Pengxiong Ma , Oscar Macias , Frédéric Magnard , Alexandre Marcowith , Olivier Martineau-Huynh , Thomas McKinley , Paul Minodier , Pragati Mitra , Miguel Mostafá , Kohta Murase , Valentin Niess , Stavros Nonis , Shoichi Ogio , Foteini Oikonomou , Hongwei Pan , Konstantinos Papageorgiou , Tanguy Pierog , Lech Wiktor Piotrowski , Simon Prunet , Xiangli Qian , Markus Roth , Takashi Sako , Harm Schoorlemmer , Dániel Szálas-Motesiczky , Szymon Sławiński , Xishui Tian , Anne Timmermans , Charles Timmermans , Petr Tobiska , Apostolos Tsirigotis , Matías Tueros , George Vittakis , Hanrui Wang , Jiale Wang , Shen Wang , Xiangyu Wang , Xu Wang , Daming Wei , Feng Wei , Xiangping Wu , Xuefeng Wu , Xin Xu , Xing Xu , Fufu Yang , Lili Yang , Xuan Yang , Qiang Yuan , Philippe Zarka , Houdun Zeng , Chao Zhang , Jianli Zhang , Kewen Zhang , Pengfei Zhang , Qingchi Zhang , Songbo Zhang , Yi Zhang , Hao Zhou

GRAND is a newly proposed series of radio arrays with a combined area of 200,000 square km, to be deployed in mountainous areas. Its primary goal is to measure cosmic ultra-high-energy tau-neutrinos (E>1 EeV), through the interaction of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-11 Sijbrand de Jong

The NUTRIG project is dedicated to the development of advanced radio self-trigger methods for large-scale arrays such as the Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND). The developed techniques are based on features of the radio…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-08 Pablo Correa , Jelena Köhler

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) aims to detect radio signals from extensive air showers (EAS) caused by ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic particles. Galactic, hardware-like, and anthropogenic noise are expected to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-10 Aurélien Benoit-Lévy , Zhisen Lai , Oscar Macias , Arsène Ferrière

Digital radio arrays have become an effective tool to measure air showers at energies around and above 100 PeV. Compared to optical techniques, the radio technique is not restricted to clear nights. Thanks to recent progress on…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-04-28 Frank G. Schröder

The sources of cosmic rays with energies above 55 EeV are still mysterious. A guaranteed associated flux of ultra high energy neutrinos known as the cosmogenic neutrino flux will be measured by next generation radio facilities, such as the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-05-29 Klaes Møller , Peter B. Denton , Irene Tamborra

TREND50 is a radio detection setup of 50 self-triggered antennas working in the 50-100MHz frequency range and deployed in a radio-quiet valley of the Tianshan mountains (China). TREND50 achieved its goal: the autonomous radiodetection and…

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) aims to detect highly inclined extensive air showers (EAS) with down-going and up-going trajectories. Several working groups in the GRAND collaboration are developing methods to…

Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) can be detected via the broadband radio pulses produced by their extensive air showers. The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) is a planned radio observatory that aims to deploy…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2026-02-04 Zhisen Lai , Oscar Macias , Aurélien Benoit-Lévy , Arsène Ferrière , Matías Tueros

Over the last decades, radio detection of air showers has been established as a promising detection technique for ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays and neutrinos. Very large or dense antenna arrays are necessary to be proficient at collecting…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-28 Anne Zilles , Olivier Martineau-Huynh , Kumiko Kotera , Matias Tueros , Krijn de Vries , Washington Carvalho , Valentin Niess