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We figure out the famous Klein's paradox arising from the reflection problem when a Dirac particle encounters a step potential with infinite width. The key is to piecewise solve Dirac equation in such a way that in the region where the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-06 Huai-Yu Wang

It is well known that, Klein paradox is one of the most exotic and counterintuitive consequences of quantum theory. Nevertheless, many discussions about the Klein paradox are based upon single-particle Dirac equation in quantum mechanics…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-04-06 C. Xu , Y. J. Li

In this paper, we have studied the Klein's paradox in the presence of both scalar and vector potential barriers. From the corresponding Dirac equation we have calculated the transmission and reflection coefficients. It is shown that the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-02-26 Basma Ainouz , Salah Haouat

We re-examine the Klein paradox from a many-particle perspective in quantum field theory. Specifically, we compute the expectation value of the particle current induced by a sufficiently strong step-like electric potential in 1+1…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-01 E. T. Akhmedov , D. V. Diakonov , V. I. Lapushkin , D. I. Sadekov

We analyse a little known aspect of the Klein paradox. A Klein-Gordon boson appears to be able to cross a supercritical rectangular barrier without being reflected, while spending there a negative amount of time. The transmission mechanism…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-21 X. Gutiérrez de la Cal , M. Alkhateeb , M. Pons , A. Matzkin , D. Sokolovski

The well known Klein paradox for the relativistic Dirac wave equation consists in the computation of possible ``negative probabilities'' induced by certain potentials in some regimes of energy. The paradox may be resolved employing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 O. Panella , Y. N. Srivastava , A. Widom

The well known Klein paradox for the relativistic Dirac wave equation consists in the computation of possible ``negative probabilities'' induced by certain potentials in some regimes of energy. The paradox may be resolved employing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-11-06 O. Panella , Y. N. Srivastava , A. Widom

Whenever we consider any relativistic quantum wave equation we are confronted with the Klein paradox, which asserts that incident particles will suffer a surplus of reflection when dispersed by a discontinuous potential. Following recent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-11 Alberto Molgado , Ociel Morales , José A Vallejo

While Klein paradox is often encountered in the context of scattering of relativistic particles at a potential barrier, we presently discuss a puzzling situation that arises with the Klein-Gordon equation for bound states. With the usual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Nagalakshmi A Rao , B. A. Kagali

Within this article one finds the statement of the Klein-Gordon problem within the real Hilbert space formalism ($\mathbbm R$HS) in terms of complex wave functions, and in terms of quaternionic wave functions as well. The complex…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-28 Cristiano Rosa , Sergio Giardino

This article concerns a phenomenon of elementary quantum mechanics that is quite counter-intuitive, very non-classical, and apparently not widely known: a quantum particle can get reflected at a downward potential step. In contrast,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-12-09 Pedro L. Garrido , Sheldon Goldstein , Jani Lukkarinen , Roderich Tumulka

The so-called Klein paradox - unimpeded penetration of relativistic particles through high and wide potential barriers - is one of the most exotic and counterintuitive consequences of quantum electrodynamics (QED). The phenomenon is…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. I. Katsnelson , K. S. Novoselov , A. K. Geim

We study the Klein-Gordon equation in one spatial and one temporal dimension. Physically, this equation describes the wave function of a relativistic spinless boson with positive rest mass. Mathematically, this is the most elementary…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-26 Haakan Hedenmalm

We study the solutions for a one-dimensional electrostatic potential in the Dirac equation when the incoming wave packet exhibits the Klein paradox (pair production). With a barrier potential we demonstrate the existence of multiple…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Stefano De Leo , Pietro Rotelli

Motivated by the conduction properties of graphene discovered and studied in the last decades, we consider the quantum dynamics of a massless, charged, spin 1/2 relativistic particle in three dimensional space-time, in the presence of an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-12-24 Ivan Morales , Bruno Neves , Zui Oporto , Olivier Piguet

The Klein paradox of Klein-Gordon (KG) equation is discussed to show that KG equation is self-consistent even at one-particle level and the wave function for antiparticle is uniquely determined by the reasonable explanation of Klein…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Guang-jiong Ni , Weimin Zhou , Jun Yan

We extend the three-dimensional noncommutative relations of the positions and momenta operators to those in the four dimension. Using the Bopp shift technique, we give the Heisenberg representation of these noncommutative algebras and endow…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-03-15 Shi-Dong Liang

We present a resolution of the Klein paradox within the framework of one-particle relativistic quantum mechanics. Not only reflection becomes total but the vacuum remains neutral as well. This is accomplished by replacing the pair…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-12-26 A. D. Alhaidari

We develop a trajectory construction of solutions to the massless wave equation in n+1 dimensions and hence show that the quantum state of a massive relativistic system in 3+1 dimensions may be represented by a stand-alone four-dimensional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-06 Peter Holland

Reflection and transmission of electrons scattered by a rectangular potential step in the presence of an external magnetic field parallel to the electron beam is described with the use of the Dirac equation. It is shown that in addition to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-24 Wlodek Zawadzki , Pawel Pfeffer
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