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Automatic machine-based Facial Expression Analysis (FEA) has made substantial progress in the past few decades driven by its importance for applications in psychology, security, health, entertainment and human computer interaction. The vast…
With the increase of distance learning, in general, and e-learning, in particular, having a system capable of determining the engagement of students is of primordial importance, and one of the biggest challenges, both for teachers,…
The COVID-19 pandemic has undoubtedly changed the standards and affected all aspects of our lives, especially social communication. It has forced people to extensively wear medical face masks, in order to prevent transmission. This face…
Student engagement is a key construct for learning and teaching. While most of the literature explored the student engagement analysis on computer-based settings, this paper extends that focus to classroom instruction. To best examine…
Facial action units (FAUs) are critical for fine-grained facial expression analysis. Although FAU detection has been actively studied using ideally high quality images, it was not thoroughly studied under heavily occluded conditions. In…
The increasing adoption of smart classroom technologies in higher education has mainly focused on automating attendance, with limited attention given to students' emotional and cognitive engagement during lectures. This limits instructors'…
Recognizing the expressions of partially occluded faces is a challenging computer vision problem. Previous expression recognition methods, either overlooked this issue or resolved it using extreme assumptions. Motivated by the fact that the…
Facial expressions of emotion are a major channel in our daily communications, and it has been subject of intense research in recent years. To automatically infer facial expressions, convolutional neural network based approaches has become…
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, traditional physical classrooms have transitioned to online environments, necessitating effective strategies to ensure sustained student engagement. A significant challenge in online teaching is the…
Video facial expression recognition is useful for many applications and received much interest lately. Although some solutions give really good results in a controlled environment (no occlusion), recognition in the presence of partial…
With the advancing technology, the hardware gain of computers and the increase in the processing capacity of processors have facilitated the processing of instantaneous and real-time images. Face recognition processes are also studies in…
Facial Action Units (AUs) represent a set of facial muscular activities and various combinations of AUs can represent a wide range of emotions. AU recognition is often used in many applications, including marketing, healthcare, education,…
Recently, online learning is very popular, especially under the global epidemic of COVID-19. Besides knowledge distribution, emotion interaction is also very important. It can be obtained by employing Facial Expression Recognition (FER).…
People naturally understand emotions, thus permitting a machine to do the same could open new paths for human-computer interaction. Facial expressions can be very useful for emotion recognition techniques, as these are the biggest…
Recognizing human affect and emotions is a problem that has a wide range of applications within both academia and industry. Affect and emotion recognition within computer vision primarily relies on images of faces. With the prevalence of…
In this study, we investigate the combination of indicators, including performance, behavioral engagement, and emotional engagement, to identify students experiencing difficulties. We analyzed data from two primary sources: digital traces…
Student disengagement in online learning has become a critical challenge, particularly post-pandemic. This review explores deep learning techniques used to detect disengagement, emphasizing computer vision and affective computing as…
This study presents high-throughput, real-time multi-agent affective computing framework designed to enhance classroom learning through emotional state monitoring. As large classroom sizes and limited teacher student interaction…
Engagement is a key indicator of the quality of learning experience, and one that plays a major role in developing intelligent educational interfaces. Any such interface requires the ability to recognise the level of engagement in order to…
Interest makes one hold her attention on the object of interest. Automatic recognition of interest has numerous applications in human-computer interaction. In this paper, we study the facial expressions associated with interest and its…