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Sampling-based model-predictive controllers have become a powerful optimization tool for planning and control problems in various challenging environments. In this paper, we show how the default choice of uncorrelated Gaussian distributions…

This paper presents a tutorial and survey on Probabilistic Inference-based Model Predictive Control (PI-MPC). PI-MPC reformulates finite-horizon optimal control as inference over an optimal control distribution expressed as a Boltzmann…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Kohei Honda

This work addresses the problem of robot interaction in complex environments where online control and adaptation is necessary. By expanding the sample space in the free energy formulation of path integral control, we derive a natural…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-08 Ian Abraham , Ankur Handa , Nathan Ratliff , Kendall Lowrey , Todd D. Murphey , Dieter Fox

Control of machine learning models has emerged as an important paradigm for a broad range of robotics applications. In this paper, we present a sampling-based nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) approach for control of neural network…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Iman Askari , Babak Badnava , Thomas Woodruff , Shen Zeng , Huazhen Fang

In recent years, dual-arm manipulation has become an area of strong interest in robotics, with end-to-end learning emerging as the predominant strategy for solving bimanual tasks. A critical limitation of such learning-based approaches,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Iryna Hurova , Alinjar Dan , Karl Kruusamäe , Arun Kumar Singh

This paper presents a reactive navigation method that leverages a Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) control enhanced with spline interpolation for the control input sequence and Stein Variational Gradient Descent (SVGD). The MPPI…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Takato Miura , Naoki Akai , Kohei Honda , Susumu Hara

Sampling-based Model Predictive Control (MPC) has been a practical and effective approach in many domains, notably model-based reinforcement learning, thanks to its flexibility and parallelizability. Despite its appealing empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Zeji Yi , Chaoyi Pan , Guanqi He , Guannan Qu , Guanya Shi

Biomimetic and compliant robotic hands offer the potential for human-like dexterity, but controlling them is challenging due to high dimensionality, complex contact interactions, and uncertainties in state estimation. Sampling-based model…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Adrian Hess , Alexander M. Kübler , Benedek Forrai , Mehmet Dogar , Robert K. Katzschmann

Navigating safely in dynamic and uncertain environments is challenging due to uncertainties in perception and motion. This letter presents the Chance-Constrained Unscented Model Predictive Path Integral (C2U-MPPI) framework, a robust…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ihab S. Mohamed , Mahmoud Ali , Lantao Liu

Path Planning for stochastic hybrid systems presents a unique challenge of predicting distributions of future states subject to a state-dependent dynamics switching function. In this work, we propose a variant of Model Predictive Path…

Model predictive path integral (MPPI) is a sampling-based method for solving complex model predictive control (MPC) problems, but its real-time implementation faces two key challenges: the computational cost and sample requirements grow…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-03 Viet-Anh Le , Renukanandan Tumu , Rahul Mangharam

Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) control is a powerful sampling-based strategy for nonlinear autonomous systems. However, its performance is often bottlenecked by the fidelity of nominal dynamics. We propose ICODE-MPPI, a robust…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Shugen Song , Wenjie Mei , Chengyan Zhao

To achieve general-purpose dexterous manipulation, robots must rapidly devise and execute contact-rich behaviors. Existing model-based controllers are incapable of globally optimizing in real-time over the exponential number of possible…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Sharanya Venkatesh , Bibit Bianchini , Alp Aydinoglu , William Yang , Michael Posa

Model predictive control (MPC) has proven useful in enabling safe and optimal motion planning for autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we investigate how to achieve MPC-based motion planning when a neural state-space model represents the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Iman Askari , Ali Vaziri , Xuemin Tu , Shen Zeng , Huazhen Fang

Modeling and controlling cable-driven snake robots is a challenging problem due to nonlinear mechanical properties such as hysteresis, variable stiffness, and unknown friction between the actuation cables and the robot body. This challenge…

This tutorial provides a systematic introduction to Gaussian process learning-based model predictive control (GP-MPC), an advanced approach integrating Gaussian process (GP) with model predictive control (MPC) for enhanced control in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Jie Wang , Youmin Zhang

This work presents an optimal sampling-based method to solve the real-time motion planning problem in static and dynamic environments, exploiting the Rapid-exploring Random Trees (RRT) algorithm and the Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Chuyuan Tao , Hunmin Kim , Naira Hovakimyan

In this paper we propose a novel decision making architecture for Robust Model Predictive Path Integral control (RMPPI) and investigate its performance guarantees and applicability to off-road navigation. Key building blocks of the proposed…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-19 Manan Gandhi , Bogdan Vlahov , Jason Gibson , Grady Williams , Evangelos A. Theodorou

Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) control is a widely used sampling-based method for trajectory optimization, yet its convergence properties remain only partially understood. This paper provides a direct convergence analysis using…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-25 Mahyar Fazlyab , Sina Sharifi , Jiarui Wang

Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) control has proven to be a powerful tool for the control of uncertain systems (such as systems subject to disturbances and systems with unmodeled dynamics). One important limitation of the baseline MPPI…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-28 Steven Patrick , Efstathios Bakolas