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OpenID Connect has revolutionized online authentication based on single sign-on (SSO) by providing a secure and convenient method for accessing multiple services with a single set of credentials. Despite its widespread adoption, critical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Tamjid Al Rahat , Yanju Chen , Yu Feng , Yuan Tian

Ethereum smart contracts are public, immutable and distributed and, as such, they are prone to vulnerabilities sourcing from programming mistakes of developers. This paper presents SAFEVM, a verification tool for Ethereum smart contracts…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-06-13 Elvira Albert , Jesús Correas , Pablo Gordillo , Guillermo Román-Díez , Albert Rubio

Many Ethereum smart contracts rely on block attributes such as block.timestamp or blockhash to generate random numbers for applications like lotteries and games. However, these values are predictable and miner-manipulable, creating the Bad…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Hadis Rezaei , Rahim Taheri , Francesco Palmieri

In the case of upgrading smart contracts on blockchain systems, it is essential to consider the continuity of upgrades and subsequent maintenance. In practice, upgrade operations often introduce new vulnerabilities. Existing static analysis…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xiaoqi Li , Lei Xie , Wenkai Li , Zongwei Li

Smart contracts have transformed decentralized finance by enabling programmable, trustless transactions. However, their widespread adoption and growing financial significance have attracted persistent and sophisticated threats, such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Pasquale De Rosa , Pascal Felber , Valerio Schiavoni

Smart contracts are the building blocks of the "code is law" paradigm: the smart contract's code indisputably describes how its assets are to be managed - once it is created, its code is typically immutable. Faulty smart contracts present…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Pedro Antonino , Juliandson Ferreira , Augusto Sampaio , A. W. Roscoe

With the rapid development of blockchain technology, smart contract security has become a critical challenge. Existing smart contract vulnerability detection methods face three main issues: (1) Insufficient quality of datasets, lacking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Lei Yu , Shiqi Chen , Hang Yuan , Peng Wang , Zhirong Huang , Jingyuan Zhang , Chenjie Shen , Fengjun Zhang , Li Yang , Jiajia Ma

Smart contract technology is reshaping conventional industry and business processes. Being embedded in blockchains, smart contracts enable the contractual terms of an agreement to be enforced automatically without the intervention of a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Zibin Zheng , Shaoan Xie , Hong-Ning Dai , Weili Chen , Xiangping Chen , Jian Weng , Muhammad Imran

Context: Smart contracts are computer programs that are automatically executed on the blockchain. Vulnerabilities in their implementation have led to severe loss of cryptocurrency. Smart contracts become immutable when deployed to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Majd Soud , Grischa Liebel , Mohammad Hamdaqa

Smart contracts are essential for managing digital assets in blockchain networks, highlighting the need for effective security measures. This paper introduces SmartLLMSentry, a novel framework that leverages large language models (LLMs),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Oualid Zaazaa , Hanan El Bakkali

Smart contracts are a key component of the Web 3.0 ecosystem, widely applied in blockchain services and decentralized applications. However, the automated execution feature of smart contracts makes them vulnerable to potential attacks due…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yanli Jin , Chunpei Li , Peng Fan , Peng Liu , Xianxian Li , Chen Liu , Wangjie Qiu

With the escalating prevalence of malicious activities exploiting vulnerabilities in blockchain systems, there is an urgent requirement for robust attack detection mechanisms. To address this challenge, this paper presents a novel…

Even though much progress has been made in identifying and mitigating smart contract vulnerabilities, we often hear about coding or design issues leading to great financial losses. This paper presents our progress toward finding defects…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Stefan-Claudiu Susan

Smart contracts are a new paradigm that emerged with the rise of the blockchain technology. They allow untrusting parties to arrange agreements. These agreements are encoded as a programming language code and deployed on a blockchain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-28 Juan Guarnizo , Pawel Szalachowski

In an increasingly complex contractual landscape, the demand for transparency, security, and efficiency has intensified. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized and immutable nature, addresses these challenges by reducing intermediary…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Lambard Maxence , Bertelle Cyrille , Duvallet Claude

The security of smart contracts, which are an important part of blockchain technology, has attracted much attention. In particular, reentrancy vulnerability, which is hidden and complex, poses a great threat to smart contracts. In order to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Chang Chu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great promise in code analysis and auditing; however, they still struggle with hallucinations and limited context-aware reasoning. We introduce SmartAuditFlow, a novel Plan-Execute framework that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Zhiyuan Wei , Jing Sun , Zijian Zhang , Zhe Hou , Zixiao Zhao

Smart contracts have recently been adopted by many security protocols. However, existing studies lack satisfactory theoretical support on how contracts benefit security protocols. This paper aims to give a systematic analysis of smart…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Rujia Li , Qin Wang , Qi Wang , David Galindo

Discovering vulnerabilities in applications of real-world complexity is a daunting task: a vulnerability may affect a single line of code, and yet it compromises the security of the entire application. Even worse, vulnerabilities may…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Gabriele Costa , Andrea Valenza

Blockchain recently became very popular due to its use in cryptocurrencies and potential application in various domains (e.g., retail, healthcare, insurance). The smart contract is a key part of blockchain systems and specifies an agreement…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Fernando Richter Vidal , Naghmeh Ivaki , Nuno Laranjeiro