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Stochastic variance-reduced gradient (SVRG) is an optimization method originally designed for tackling machine learning problems with a finite sum structure. SVRG was later shown to work for policy evaluation, a problem in reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Zilun Peng , Ahmed Touati , Pascal Vincent , Doina Precup

In this paper, we aim to develop a simple and scalable reinforcement learning algorithm that uses standard supervised learning methods as subroutines. Our goal is an algorithm that utilizes only simple and convergent maximum likelihood loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-09 Xue Bin Peng , Aviral Kumar , Grace Zhang , Sergey Levine

Complex planning and scheduling problems have long been solved using various optimization or heuristic approaches. In recent years, imitation learning that aims to learn from expert demonstrations has been proposed as a viable alternative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Qian Shao , Pradeep Varakantham , Shih-Fen Cheng

With the implementation of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms, current state-of-art autonomous vehicle technology have the potential to get closer to full automation. However, most of the applications have been limited to game domains…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Wenhui Huang , Francesco Braghin , Zhuo Wang

This paper introduces a method for constructing an upper bound for exploration policy using either the weighted variance of return sequences or the weighted temporal difference (TD) error. We demonstrate that the variance of the return…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Zerong Xi , Gita Sukthankar

While backpropagation--reverse-mode automatic differentiation--has been extraordinarily successful in deep learning, it requires two passes (forward and backward) through the neural network and the storage of intermediate activations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Daniel Wang , Evan Markou , Dylan Campbell

We study how trajectory value depends on the learning algorithm in policy-gradient control. Using Trajectory Shapley in an uncertain LQR, we find a negative correlation between Persistence of Excitation (PE) and marginal value under vanilla…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Shihao Li , Jiachen Li , Jiamin Xu , Christopher Martin , Wei Li , Dongmei Chen

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) policies have been shown to be vulnerable to small adversarial noise in observations. Such adversarial noise can have disastrous consequences in safety-critical environments. For instance, a self-driving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Roman Belaire , Pradeep Varakantham , Thanh Nguyen , David Lo

In goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (GCRL), sparse rewards present significant challenges, often obstructing efficient learning. Although multi-step GCRL can boost this efficiency, it can also lead to off-policy biases in target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Lisheng Wu , Ke Chen

We consider Gini's mean difference statistic as an alternative to the empirical variance in the settings of finite populations where simple random samples are drawn without replacement. In particular, we discuss specific (in the finite…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-06-10 Andrius Čiginas , Dalius Pumputis

Low-variance gradient estimation is crucial for learning directed graphical models parameterized by neural networks, where the reparameterization trick is widely used for those with continuous variables. While this technique gives…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-07 Seiya Tokui , Issei sato

We study the variance of the REINFORCE policy gradient estimator in environments with continuous state and action spaces, linear dynamics, quadratic cost, and Gaussian noise. These simple environments allow us to derive bounds on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-04 James A. Preiss , Sébastien M. R. Arnold , Chen-Yu Wei , Marius Kloft

Standard deep reinforcement learning (DRL) aims to maximize expected reward, considering collected experiences equally in formulating a policy. This differs from human decision-making, where gains and losses are valued differently and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Jared Markowitz , Ryan W. Gardner , Ashley Llorens , Raman Arora , I-Jeng Wang

The off-policy learning paradigm allows for recommender systems and general ranking applications to be framed as decision-making problems, where we aim to learn decision policies that optimize an unbiased offline estimate of an online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Shashank Gupta , Olivier Jeunen , Harrie Oosterhuis , Maarten de Rijke

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) was introduced and used recently for promoting reasoning in LLMs under verifiable (binary) rewards. We show that the mean + variance calibration of these rewards induces a weighted contrastive loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Youssef Mroueh

This paper deals with distributed policy optimization in reinforcement learning, which involves a central controller and a group of learners. In particular, two typical settings encountered in several applications are considered:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Tianyi Chen , Kaiqing Zhang , Georgios B. Giannakis , Tamer Başar

We introduce a learning method called ``gradient-based reinforcement planning'' (GREP). Unlike traditional DP methods that improve their policy backwards in time, GREP is a gradient-based method that plans ahead and improves its policy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ivo Kwee , Marcus Hutter , Juergen Schmidhuber

To unbiasedly evaluate multiple target policies, the dominant approach among RL practitioners is to run and evaluate each target policy separately. However, this evaluation method is far from efficient because samples are not shared across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Shuze Daniel Liu , Claire Chen , Shangtong Zhang

To address the limited capability expansion and low sample efficiency of Reinforcement Learning (RL), recent methods have integrated ''hints'' into post-training, which are prefix segments of complete reasoning trajectories, aiming for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Feng Zhang , Zezhong Tan , Xinhong Ma , Ziqiang Dong , Xi Leng , Jianfei Zhao , Xin Sun , Yang Yang

The default variable-importance measure in random Forests, Gini importance, has been shown to suffer from the bias of the underlying Gini-gain splitting criterion. While the alternative permutation importance is generally accepted as a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-05-18 Markus Loecher