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Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across decentralized edge devices while preserving data privacy. However, statistical heterogeneity among clients, often manifested as non-IID label distributions, poses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Sameer Rahil , Zain Abdullah Ahmad , Talha Asif

Heterogeneity arising from label distribution skew and data scarcity can cause inaccuracy and unfairness in intelligent communication applications that heavily rely on distributed computing. To deal with it, this paper proposes a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Chenghao Huang , Xiaolu Chen , Yanru Zhang , Hao Wang

Federated learning (FL) enables collaboratively training deep learning models on decentralized data. However, there are three types of heterogeneities in FL setting bringing about distinctive challenges to the canonical federated learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Tao Shen , Jie Zhang , Xinkang Jia , Fengda Zhang , Gang Huang , Pan Zhou , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu , Chao Wu

Federated Learning (FL) is a way for machines to learn from data that is kept locally, in order to protect the privacy of clients. This is typically done using local SGD, which helps to improve communication efficiency. However, such a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Yongxin Guo , Xiaoying Tang , Tao Lin

Personalized Federated Learning aims at addressing the challenges of non-IID data in collaborative model training. However, existing methods struggle to balance personalization and generalization, often oversimplifying client similarities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Mattia Giovanni Campana , Franca Delmastro

In semi-supervised learning, methods that rely on confidence learning to generate pseudo-labels have been widely proposed. However, increasing research finds that when faced with noisy and biased data, the model's representation network is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Yanbiao Ma , Licheng Jiao , Fang Liu , Lingling Li , Shuyuan Yang , Xu Liu

As a promising distributed machine learning paradigm, Federated Learning (FL) enables all the involved devices to train a global model collaboratively without exposing their local data privacy. However, for non-IID scenarios, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Ming Hu , Tian Liu , Zhiwei Ling , Zhihao Yue , Mingsong Chen

Federated learning (FL) enhances data privacy with collaborative in-situ training on decentralized clients. Nevertheless, FL encounters challenges due to non-independent and identically distributed (non-i.i.d) data, leading to potential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Weiming Zhuang , Lingjuan Lyu

Recently, pseudo label based semi-supervised learning has achieved great success in many fields. The core idea of the pseudo label based semi-supervised learning algorithm is to use the model trained on the labeled data to generate pseudo…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Zeping Min , Qian Ge , Cheng Tai

Federated Learning (FL) provides decentralised model training, which effectively tackles problems such as distributed data and privacy preservation. However, the generalisation of global models frequently faces challenges from data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Ozgu Goksu , Nicolas Pugeault

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging distributed machine learning paradigm that enables collaborative training of machine learning models over decentralized devices without exposing their local data. One of the major challenges in FL is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Md Sirajul Islam , Simin Javaherian , Fei Xu , Xu Yuan , Li Chen , Nian-Feng Tzeng

Federated learning is a method of training models on private data distributed over multiple devices. To keep device data private, the global model is trained by only communicating parameters and updates which poses scalability challenges…

Intelligent equipment fault diagnosis based on Federated Transfer Learning (FTL) attracts considerable attention from both academia and industry. It allows real-world industrial agents with limited samples to construct a fault diagnosis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Jie Shen , Shusen Yang , Cong Zhao , Xuebin Ren , Peng Zhao , Yuqian Yang , Qing Han , Shuaijun Wu

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training with privacy preservation. Data heterogeneity across edge devices (clients) can cause models to converge to sharp minima, negatively impacting generalization and robustness.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Debora Caldarola , Pietro Cagnasso , Barbara Caputo , Marco Ciccone

Federated Learning (FL) enables decentralized training of machine learning models on distributed data while preserving privacy. However, in real-world FL settings, client data is often non-identically distributed and imbalanced, resulting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Gergely D. Németh , Eros Fanì , Yeat Jeng Ng , Barbara Caputo , Miguel Ángel Lozano , Nuria Oliver , Novi Quadrianto

Supervised learning algorithms based on Convolutional Neural Networks have become the benchmark for medical image segmentation tasks, but their effectiveness heavily relies on a large amount of labeled data. However, annotating medical…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-20 Tao Wang , Yuanbin Chen , Xinlin Zhang , Yuanbo Zhou , Junlin Lan , Bizhe Bai , Tao Tan , Min Du , Qinquan Gao , Tong Tong

Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning (FSCIL) focuses on models learning new concepts from limited data while retaining knowledge of previous classes. Recently, many studies have started to leverage unlabeled samples to assist models in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Fan Lyu , Linglan Zhao , Chengyan Liu , Yinying Mei , Zhang Zhang , Jian Zhang , Fuyuan Hu , Liang Wang

Most existing few-shot learning (FSL) methods require a large amount of labeled data in meta-training, which is a major limit. To reduce the requirement of labels, a semi-supervised meta-training (SSMT) setting has been proposed for FSL,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Xingping Dong , Tianran Ouyang , Shengcai Liao , Bo Du , Ling Shao

Federated learning-based semantic segmentation (FSS) has drawn widespread attention via decentralized training on local clients. However, most FSS models assume categories are fixed in advance, thus heavily undergoing forgetting on old…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Jiahua Dong , Duzhen Zhang , Yang Cong , Wei Cong , Henghui Ding , Dengxin Dai

The primary challenge in Federated Learning (FL) is to model non-IID distributions across clients, whose fine-grained structure is important to improve knowledge sharing. For example, some knowledge is globally shared across all clients,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Shutong Chen , Tianyi Zhou , Guodong Long , Jie Ma , Jing Jiang , Chengqi Zhang