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Anonymity networks are becoming increasingly popular in today's online world as more users attempt to safeguard their online privacy. Tor is currently the most popular anonymity network in use and provides anonymity to both users and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Ishan Karunanayake , Nadeem Ahmed , Robert Malaney , Rafiqul Islam , Sanjay Jha

Low-latency anonymity networks such as Tor remain vulnerable to infrastructure-level traffic analysis that exploits side-channel information observable from encrypted communications. We introduce NATA, a non-invasive active…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Zilve Fan , Zijian Zhang , Yangnan Guo , Jiaqi Gao , Zhen Li , Mengyu Wang , Chengxiang Si , Liehuang Zhu

We propose in this paper a new propagation vector for malicious software by abusing the Tor network. Tor is particularly relevant, since operating a Tor exit node is easy and involves low costs compared to attack institutional or ISP…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-08-15 Gerard Wagener , Alexandre Dulaunoy , Radu State

Traffic correlation attacks to de-anonymize Tor users are possible when an adversary is in a position to observe traffic entering and exiting the Tor network. Recent work has brought attention to the threat of these attacks by network-level…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-05-13 Rishab Nithyanand , Rachee Singh , Shinyoung Cho , Phillipa Gill

Tor is currently one of the more popular systems for anonymizing near real-time communications on the Internet. Recently, Borisov et al. proposed a denial of service based attack on Tor (and related systems) that significantly increases the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-10-04 Norman Danner , Sam DeFabbia-Kane , Danny Krizanc , Marc Liberatore

The Tor anonymity network is difficult to measure because, if not done carefully, measurements could risk the privacy (and potentially the safety) of the network's users. Recent work has proposed the use of differential privacy and secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-09-25 Akshaya Mani , T Wilson-Brown , Rob Jansen , Aaron Johnson , Micah Sherr

Like many routing protocols, the Tor anonymity network has decentralized path selection, in clients locally and independently choose paths. As a result, network resources may be left idle, leaving the system in a suboptimal state. This is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-06-14 John Geddes , Mike Schliep , Nicholas Hopper

We present ShorTor, a protocol for reducing latency on the Tor network. ShorTor uses multi-hop overlay routing, a technique typically employed by content delivery networks, to influence the route Tor traffic takes across the internet.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Kyle Hogan , Sacha Servan-Schreiber , Zachary Newman , Ben Weintraub , Cristina Nita-Rotaru , Srinivas Devadas

Tor provides low-latency anonymous and uncensored network access against a local or network adversary. Due to the design choice to minimize traffic overhead (and increase the pool of potential users) Tor allows some information about the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Shuai Li , Huajun Guo , Nicholas Hopper

The Tor network uses a measurement system to estimate its relays' forwarding capacity and to balance traffic among them. This system has been shown to be vulnerable to adversarial manipulation. Moreover, its accuracy and effectiveness in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Matthew Traudt , Rob Jansen , Aaron Johnson

Tor is a popular low-latency anonymous communication system that focuses on usability and performance: a faster network will attract more users, which in turn will improve the anonymity of everyone using the system. The standard practice…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Rob Jansen , Justin Tracey , Ian Goldberg

Several hundred Tor exit relays together push more than 1 GiB/s of network traffic. However, it is easy for exit relays to snoop and tamper with anonymised network traffic and as all relays are run by independent volunteers, not all of them…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-01-21 Philipp Winter , Stefan Lindskog

Website fingerprinting attacks, which use statistical analysis on network traffic to compromise user privacy, have been shown to be effective even if the traffic is sent over anonymity-preserving networks such as Tor. The classical attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Anatoly Shusterman , Lachlan Kang , Yarden Haskal , Yosef Meltser , Prateek Mittal , Yossi Oren , Yuval Yarom

Website Fingerprinting (WF) is considered a major threat to the anonymity of Tor users (and other anonymity systems). While state-of-the-art WF techniques have claimed high attack accuracies, e.g., by leveraging Deep Neural Networks (DNN),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Alireza Bahramali , Ardavan Bozorgi , Amir Houmansadr

The Tor Network has been a significant part of the Internet for years. Tor was originally started in the Naval Research Laboratory for anonymous Internet browsing and Internet-based communication. From being used for anonymous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Chaitanya Rahalkar , Anushka Virgaonkar , Kethaki Varadan

The Tor anonymity network has been shown vulnerable to traffic analysis attacks by autonomous systems and Internet exchanges, which can observe different overlay hops belonging to the same circuit. We aim to determine whether network path…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-05 Joshua Juen , Aaron Johnson , Anupam Das , Nikita Borisov , Matthew Caesar

Website fingerprinting (WF) attacks on Tor can infer user destinations from encrypted traffic metadata. However, their real-world effectiveness remains debated due to laboratory settings that fail to capture network fluctuations, evaluate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Mohammadhamed Shadbeh , Khashayar Khajavi , Tao Wang

Motivated by the effectiveness of correlation attacks against Tor, the censorship arms race, and observations of malicious relays in Tor, we propose that Tor users capture their trust in network elements using probability distributions over…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-06-16 Aaron D. Jaggard , Aaron Johnson , Paul Syverson , Joan Feigenbaum

Based on the principle of onion routing, the Tor network achieves anonymity for its users by relaying user data over a series of intermediate relays. This approach makes congestion control in the network a challenging task. As of today,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Christoph Döpmann , Felix Fiedler , Sergio Lucia , Florian Tschorsch

Several studies have shown that the network traffic that is generated by a visit to a website over Tor reveals information specific to the website through the timing and sizes of network packets. By capturing traffic traces between users…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-06 Vera Rimmer , Davy Preuveneers , Marc Juarez , Tom Van Goethem , Wouter Joosen