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Smart contracts are distributed, self-enforcing programs executing on top of blockchain networks. They have the potential to revolutionize many industries such as financial institutes and supply chains. However, smart contracts are subject…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Tai D. Nguyen , Long H. Pham , Jun Sun

A smart grid is an important application in Industry 4.0 with a lot of new technologies and equipment working together. Hence, sensitive data stored in the smart grid is vulnerable to malicious modification and theft. This paper proposes a…

Vulnerability detection is a critical problem in software security and attracts growing attention both from academia and industry. Traditionally, software security is safeguarded by designated rule-based detectors that heavily rely on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Tiehua Zhang , Rui Xu , Jianping Zhang , Yuze Liu , Xin Chen , Jun Yin , Xi Zheng

Smart contracts are full-fledged programs that run on blockchains (e.g., Ethereum, one of the most popular blockchains). In Ethereum, gas (in Ether, a cryptographic currency like Bitcoin) is the execution fee compensating the computing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Ting Chen , Xiaoqi Li , Xiapu Luo , Xiaosong Zhang

Recent years have seen smart contracts are getting increasingly popular in building trustworthy decentralized applications. Previous research has proposed static and dynamic techniques to detect vulnerabilities in smart contracts. These…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Jiaming Ye , Mingliang Ma , Yun Lin , Lei Ma , Yinxing Xue , Jianjun Zhao

In recent years, research in software security has concentrated on identifying vulnerabilities in smart contracts to prevent significant losses of crypto assets on blockchains. Despite early successes in this area, detecting developers'…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Youwei Huang , Sen Fang , Jianwen Li , Jiachun Tao , Bin Hu , Tao Zhang

With the rapid growth of the NFT market, the security of smart contracts has become crucial. However, existing AI-based detection models for NFT contract vulnerabilities remain limited due to their complexity, while traditional manual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xin Wang , Xiaoqi Li

Smart contracts are a secure and trustworthy application that plays a vital role in decentralized applications in various fields such as insurance,the internet, and gaming. However, in recent years, smart contract security breaches have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Jixuan Wu , Lei Xie , Xiaoqi Li

Blockchain-based distributed computing platforms enable the trusted execution of computation - defined in the form of smart contracts - without trusted agents. Smart contracts are envisioned to have a variety of applications, ranging from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-28 Anastasia Mavridou , Aron Laszka

As one of the representative blockchain platforms, Ethereum has attracted lots of attacks. Due to the existed financial loss, there is a pressing need to perform timely investigation and detect more attack instances. Though multiple systems…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Lei Wu , Siwei Wu , Yajin Zhou , Runhuai Li , Zhi Wang , Xiapu Luo , Cong Wang , Kui Ren

As blockchain technology continues to evolve, the security of smart contracts has increasingly drawn attention from both academia and industry. The Move language, with its unique resource model and linear type system, provides a solid…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuhe Luo , Zhongwen Li , Xiaoqi Li

Adversarial smart contracts, mostly on EVM-compatible chains like Ethereum and BSC, are deployed as EVM bytecode to exploit vulnerable smart contracts for financial gain. Detecting such malicious contracts at the time of deployment is an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yating Liu , Xing Su , Hao Wu , Sijin Li , Yuxi Cheng , Fengyuan Xu , Sheng Zhong

The anonymity of blockchain has accelerated the growth of illegal activities and criminal behaviors on cryptocurrency platforms. Although decentralization is one of the typical characteristics of blockchain, we urgently call for effective…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Jie Shen , Jiajun Zhou , Yunyi Xie , Shanqing Yu , Qi Xuan

The large-scale deployment of Solidity smart contracts on the Ethereum mainnet has increasingly attracted financially-motivated attackers in recent years. A few now-infamous attacks in Ethereum's history includes DAO attack in 2016 (50…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Md Tauseef Alam , Raju Halder , Abyayananda Maiti

Over the last few years, there has been substantial research on automated analysis, testing, and debugging of Ethereum smart contracts. However, it is not trivial to compare and reproduce that research. To address this, we present…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-13 João F. Ferreira , Pedro Cruz , Thomas Durieux , Rui Abreu

We propose and compare two approaches to identify smart contracts as token systems by analyzing their public bytecode. The first approach symbolically executes the code in order to detect token systems by their characteristic behavior of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-29 Michael Fröwis , Andreas Fuchs , Rainer Böhme

Smart contracts, self-executing agreements directly encoded in code, are fundamental to blockchain technology, especially in decentralized finance (DeFi) and Web3. However, the rise of Ponzi schemes in smart contracts poses significant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Cong Wu , Jing Chen , Ziwei Wang , Ruichao Liang , Ruiying Du

Uncertain graphs have been widely used to model complex linked data in many real-world applications, such as guaranteed-loan networks and power grids, where a node or edge may be associated with a probability. In these networks, a node…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Dawei Cheng , Chen Chen , Xiaoyang Wang , Sheng Xiang

Collaborative fraud, where multiple fraudulent accounts coordinate to exploit online payment systems, poses significant challenges due to the formation of complex network structures. Traditional detection methods that rely solely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Chi Liu

ERC-20 is the most prominent Ethereum standard for fungible tokens. Tokens implementing the ERC-20 interface can interoperate with a large number of already deployed internet-based services and Ethereum-based smart contracts. In recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Reza Rahimian , Jeremy Clark