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Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values is a vital task for LLM practitioners. Current alignment techniques have several limitations: (1) requiring a large amount of annotated data; (2) demanding heavy human involvement; (3)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Hongyi Guo , Yuanshun Yao , Wei Shen , Jiaheng Wei , Xiaoying Zhang , Zhaoran Wang , Yang Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as automated judges to evaluate recommendation systems, search engines, and other subjective tasks, where relying on human evaluators can be costly, time-consuming, and unscalable. LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Gerrit J. J. van den Burg , Gen Suzuki , Wei Liu , Murat Sensoy

Large Transformer models are capable of implementing a plethora of so-called in-context learning algorithms. These include gradient descent, classification, sequence completion, transformation, and improvement. In this work, we investigate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Robert Tjarko Lange , Yingtao Tian , Yujin Tang

Training large language models (LLMs) from scratch can yield models with unique functionalities and strengths, but it is costly and often leads to redundant capabilities. A more cost-effective alternative is to fuse existing pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Runjia Zeng , James Chenhao Liang , Cheng Han , Zhiwen Cao , Jiahao Liu , Xiaojun Quan , Yingjie Victor Chen , Lifu Huang , Tong Geng , Qifan Wang , Dongfang Liu

Zeroth-order (ZO) optimization has long been favored for its biological plausibility and its capacity to handle non-differentiable objectives, yet its computational complexity has historically limited its application in deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Sansheng Cao , Zhengyu Ma , Yonghong Tian

Undeniably, Large Language Models (LLMs) have stirred an extraordinary wave of innovation in the machine learning research domain, resulting in substantial impact across diverse fields such as reinforcement learning, robotics, and computer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Xingyou Song , Yingtao Tian , Robert Tjarko Lange , Chansoo Lee , Yujin Tang , Yutian Chen

Low-rank adaptation is a popular parameter-efficient fine-tuning method for large language models. In this paper, we analyze the impact of low-rank updating, as implemented in LoRA. Our findings suggest that the low-rank updating mechanism…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Ting Jiang , Shaohan Huang , Shengyue Luo , Zihan Zhang , Haizhen Huang , Furu Wei , Weiwei Deng , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang , Deqing Wang , Fuzhen Zhuang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed both everyday life and scientific research. However, adapting LLMs from general-purpose models to specialized tasks remains challenging, particularly in resource-constrained environments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Hao Zhang , Bo Huang , Zhenjia Li , Xi Xiao , Hui Yi Leong , Zumeng Zhang , Xinwei Long , Tianyang Wang , Hao Xu

We provide a systematic understanding of the impact of specific components and wordings used in prompts on the effectiveness of rankers based on zero-shot Large Language Models (LLMs). Several zero-shot ranking methods based on LLMs have…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Shuoqi Sun , Shengyao Zhuang , Shuai Wang , Guido Zuccon

This research investigates prompt designs of evaluating generated texts using large language models (LLMs). While LLMs are increasingly used for scoring various inputs, creating effective prompts for open-ended text evaluation remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-28 KuanChao Chu , Yi-Pei Chen , Hideki Nakayama

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in comprehending and generating natural language content, attracting widespread attention in both industry and academia. An increasing number of…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Keke Huang , Yimin Shi , Dujian Ding , Yifei Li , Yang Fei , Laks Lakshmanan , Xiaokui Xiao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across various tasks, but the escalating demands on computational resources pose significant challenges, particularly in the extensive utilization of full fine-tuning for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Jia-Hong Huang , Yixian Shen , Hongyi Zhu , Stevan Rudinac , Evangelos Kanoulas

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has not only provided numerous opportunities but also presented significant challenges. This becomes particularly evident when LLMs inadvertently generate harmful or toxic content,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Kai Chen , Chunwei Wang , Kuo Yang , Jianhua Han , Lanqing Hong , Fei Mi , Hang Xu , Zhengying Liu , Wenyong Huang , Zhenguo Li , Dit-Yan Yeung , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

There have been significant advancements made by large language models (LLMs) in various aspects of our daily lives. LLMs serve as a transformative force in natural language processing, finding applications in text generation, translation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Zhihang Li , Zhao Song , Zifan Wang , Junze Yin

Large language models (LLMs) are capable of performing conditional sequence generation tasks, such as translation or summarization, through instruction fine-tuning. The fine-tuning data is generally sequentially concatenated from a specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Yijin Liu , Xianfeng Zeng , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou

In the field of large language model (LLM)-based proof generation, despite extensive training on large datasets such as ArXiv, LLMs still exhibit only modest performance on proving tasks of moderate difficulty. We believe that this is…

Recent advances have shown that optimizing prompts for Large Language Models (LLMs) can significantly improve task performance, yet many optimization techniques rely on heuristics or manual exploration. We present LatentPrompt, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Mateusz Bystroński , Grzegorz Piotrowski , Nitesh V. Chawla , Tomasz Kajdanowicz

Predicting the locations an individual will visit in the future is crucial for solving many societal issues like disease diffusion and reduction of pollution. However, next-location predictors require a significant amount of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Ciro Beneduce , Bruno Lepri , Massimiliano Luca

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 have demonstrated their ability to understand natural language and generate complex code snippets. This paper introduces a novel Large Language Model Evolutionary Algorithm (LLaMEA) framework,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Niki van Stein , Thomas Bäck

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has markedly expanded their application across diverse domains, transforming how complex problems are approached and solved. Initially conceived to predict subsequent words in texts, these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Sumedh Rasal , E. J. Hauer
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